This study addresses a current research gap in African Studies concerning Digital Inclusion and the Digital Divide in Rural African Communities in Rwanda. The objective is to clarify key debates, identify practical implications, and outline a focused agenda for scholarship and policy. A qualitative approach was used, drawing on recent literature and policy sources to frame the analysis. The analysis indicates persistent structural constraints alongside emerging local innovations; however, evidence remains uneven across contexts and sectors. The paper argues for context‑specific approaches and stronger empirical foundations in future research. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Digital Inclusion and the Digital Divide in Rural African Communities, Rwanda, Africa, African Studies, conference paper This structured abstract provides a standardised summary to support rapid screening, indexing, and assessment of scholarly contribution.