This policy brief examines how to cultivate sustainable and inclusive business environments in African states emerging from conflict, using Tanzania (2010–2025) as a salient case study. Tanzania’s experience in post-conflict regional integration and hosting refugees offers a pertinent context for analysing persistent structural barriers and latent opportunities. The methodology employs a rigorous synthesis of empirical evidence from secondary data, including national policy documents, World Bank enterprise surveys, and academic literature. Key findings reveal that businesses in Tanzania, particularly women-led enterprises, face enduring challenges such as constrained access to formal credit, underdeveloped infrastructure in border regions, and complex regulatory frameworks. Conversely, the analysis identifies significant opportunities in leveraging regional peace dividends for cross-border trade, harnessing digital financial inclusion, and aligning with national development agendas like the Five-Year Development Plan III. The brief contends that effective policy interventions must champion African-led solutions, including the strengthening of local financial institutions, strategic investment in connective infrastructure, and the implementation of gender-sensitive business regulations. The implications are substantial for continental policymakers, demonstrating that inclusive economic governance is not merely a developmental aim but a fundamental pillar for consolidating durable peace and stability in post-conflict societies.