Vol. 2009 No. 1 (2026)
The IGAD Security Sector Programme: Mandate, Implementation, and Effectiveness
Abstract
This article develops a novel theoretical framework to critically analyse the mandate, implementation, and effectiveness of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Security Sector Programme (ISSP) in Sierra Leone. It argues that prevailing state-centric models of security sector reform (SSR) inadequately capture the complex dynamics of regional organisations acting as external actors in post-conflict African bureaucracies. By integrating tenets of neo-institutionalism, regional security complex theory, and hybrid governance, the proposed framework elucidates the interplay between IGAD's normative mandate, its operational implementation through Sierra Leone's bureaucratic apparatus, and the resultant hybrid security orders. The analysis provides a structured lens to assess programme effectiveness beyond conventional metrics, focusing on institutional legitimacy, local ownership, and the co-constitution of security governance. The article concludes with theoretical implications for African studies and practical applications for policymakers designing future regional SSR interventions.
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