The Nile Basin is a region facing significant water scarcity issues, particularly in Kenya, where competing demands for water resources from agriculture, industry, and domestic use exacerbate potential conflicts. A qualitative policy analysis approach was employed to review existing literature on water resource management, governance structures, and conflict mitigation efforts within the region. Current policies emphasise equitable distribution but lack comprehensive monitoring mechanisms and community engagement programmes that could enhance their impact. While existing policies aim at reducing potential conflicts through water allocation and infrastructure development, they fall short in incorporating adaptive management strategies and fostering inclusive decision-making processes. Incorporating adaptive management practices and enhancing stakeholder participation are recommended to improve the effectiveness of current policies and prevent future conflicts.