Leadership Styles and Their Impact on School Improvement in Malawi: A Qualitative Exploration

School leadership is a critical factor influencing educational outcomes in Malawi's schools, where under-resourced environments often exacerbate challenges faced by leaders. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilising semi-structured interviews with school leaders and focus group discussions with teachers and parents as data collection methods. Data analysis involves thematic coding for pattern recognition. Leadership styles varied significantly across schools, with some demonstrating strong collaborative approaches while others relied more on directive management. A notable finding was the significant role of supportive leadership in fostering positive school climates. Findings suggest that effective leadership is essential for driving school improvement efforts, particularly when it involves providing support and encouragement to teachers and students. School leaders should focus on developing a more collaborative approach, emphasising the importance of building strong relationships with staff and fostering an inclusive environment. This could be achieved through regular training and mentorship programmes.