African Climate Change Science (Earth Science focus)
type: channel
description: African Climate Change Science (Earth Science focus) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
language: en
publication name: African Climate Change Science (Earth Science focus)
items: Financing Innovations in Renewable Energy Projects
items: Methodological Evaluation of Off-Grid Communities Systems in Tanzania Using Difference-in-Differences for System Reliability Assessment
items: Methodological Evaluation of Regional Monitoring Networks in Tanzania
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Adoption Rates in Municipal Water Systems in Kenya
items: Navigating Rural Energy Exclusions
items: Regional Power Pools in Namibia
items: Challenges of Energy Theft and Grid Instability in Urban Uganda,
items: Mitigation Strategies and Farmer Adaptation in Mauritian Agricultural Regions
items: Carbon Capture and Utilization in Senegalese Fossil Fuel Plants
items: Methodological Assessment of Regional Monitoring Networks in Nigeria
items: Methodological Assessment of Secondary School Systems in South Africa Through Quasi-Experimental Design
items: Enhancing Horticultural Marketability through Greenhouse Projects in Côte d'Ivoire
items: Methodological Assessment of Manufacturing Systems Yield Improvement in Ethiopian Plants
items: Methodological Evaluation of Regional Monitoring Networks in South Africa
items: Reliability Assessment of Smallholder Farm Systems in Rwanda Using Quasi-Experimental Design
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model Assessment of Municipal Water Systems in Kenyan Municipalities,
items: Methodological Evaluation of Secondary School Systems in Rwanda Using Difference-in-Differences for Efficiency Measurement
items: Methodological Evaluation of Municipal Water Systems in Tanzania Using Time-Series Forecasting Models for Reliability Assessment
items: Methodological Assessment of Manufacturing Systems in South Africa
items: Methodological Evaluation of Manufacturing Plant Systems in Ethiopia Using Time-Series Forecasting Models for Efficiency Gains Analysis
items: Microgrid Integration and Renewable Energy Access in Northern Ghanaian Villages
items: Methodological Evaluation of Field Research Stations in Ghana
items: Local Content Policies and Their Influence on Mozambique's Oil and Gas Sector
items: Financing Strategies in Renewable Energy Projects Across East African Case Studies
items: The Nexus Between Traditional Biomass Energy and Transition Pathways in Ethiopian Energy Dynamics
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Yield Improvement Monitoring in Kenya's Regional Networks Systems
items: A Survey of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in South Sudan
items: A Case Study of Renewable Energy Potential and Climate Resilience in Uganda,
items: A Scoping Review of Climate Change Impacts and Energy Adaptation Strategies in Karamoja, Uganda
items: The Geopolitics of Energy Transition in North Africa

Financing Innovations in Renewable Energy Projects
type: item
description: Renewable energy projects in East Africa have faced significant financial challenges despite their potential to reduce carbon emissions and stabilise power grids. A review of existing literature and stakeholder interviews were conducted to gather data on financing strategies employed in renewable energy projects across East Africa. Specific attention was given to Morocco’s experience due to its advanced policy environment and substantial investment in renewables. The analysis revealed that blended finance instruments, such as concessional loans and grants combined with private sector investments, played a crucial role in the successful implementation of renewable energy projects in Morocco. These mechanisms provided financial support while ensuring sustainability through long-term financing solutions. Morocco’s experience demonstrates how effective policy coordination between government entities, international donors, and private investors can facilitate the deployment of renewable energy technologies, leading to more sustainable energy systems. Other East African countries considering similar projects should emulate Morocco's approach by integrating blended finance strategies into their national policies. This will help attract necessary funding while fostering long-term sustainability in renewable energy development. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Renewable Energy
  topic: keywords
subject: East Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Financing
  topic: keywords
subject: Green Energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Microfinance
  topic: keywords
subject: Development Economics
  topic: keywords
subject: Project Evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Benali
creator: Abdellatif El Khayat
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2013-12-09
publication date: 2013-12-09
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18990344

Methodological Evaluation of Off-Grid Communities Systems in Tanzania Using Difference-in-Differences for System Reliability Assessment
type: item
description: This study focuses on evaluating the reliability of off-grid energy systems in Tanzania, specifically examining their performance over time. A difference-in-differences approach was employed, utilising pre- and post-intervention data from selected off-grid communities to evaluate changes in system reliability over time. Randomized controlled trials were conducted for baseline measurements. The analysis revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the proportion of systems operating reliably by 20% after intervention, suggesting effective improvements in system management and maintenance practices. The findings support the effectiveness of the DID model for assessing system reliability in off-grid communities in Tanzania, highlighting areas for further research and policy implementation. Further studies should explore long-term sustainability measures to maintain high levels of system reliability. Policy recommendations include incentivizing community-led maintenance efforts and improving infrastructure connectivity. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Off-grid
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Reliability
  topic: keywords
subject: Difference-in-Differences
  topic: keywords
subject: Systems Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamasi Mwesimba
creator: Tsemwa Musamilili
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2013-12-22
publication date: 2013-12-22
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18990336

Methodological Evaluation of Regional Monitoring Networks in Tanzania
type: item
description: This study evaluates the effectiveness of regional monitoring networks in Tanzania for measuring clinical outcomes related to energy access. A quasi-experimental design was employed, including surveys of healthcare providers and systematic review of network performance data. Statistical analysis used regression models to assess the relationship between monitoring frequency and clinical outcomes. Surveys indicated a preference for networks that performed at least two checks per year over those with less frequent monitoring (75% preferred higher frequency). The quasi-experimental design confirmed higher monitoring frequencies are associated with better patient care, supporting the recommendation for increased network activity. Healthcare providers should be encouraged to participate in networks that conduct at least two checks annually to improve clinical outcomes. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: energy access
  topic: keywords
subject: ethnographic study
  topic: keywords
subject: quasi-experimental design
  topic: keywords
subject: qualitative analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: rural development
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability indicators
  topic: keywords
creator: Mawanda Simeon
creator: Kamali Muthui
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2012-11-03
publication date: 2012-11-03
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18949451

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Adoption Rates in Municipal Water Systems in Kenya
type: item
description: The adoption rates of municipal water systems in Kenya are critical for ensuring sustainable access to clean drinking water and reducing water-related diseases. The proposed methodology employs a Bayesian hierarchical model with latent random effects to account for unobserved heterogeneities among municipalities. The model's parameters are estimated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Uncertainty is quantified through posterior credible intervals. The Bayesian hierarchical model provides a robust framework for evaluating and understanding municipal water system adoption patterns in Kenya, offering insights into effective interventions to enhance coverage. Policy makers should consider the spatial heterogeneity of adoption rates when planning future investments in municipal water systems. Tailored strategies can be developed based on these insights to maximise impact. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kenya
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian hierarchical model
  topic: keywords
subject: adoption rates
  topic: keywords
subject: municipal water systems
  topic: keywords
subject: stochastic processes
  topic: keywords
subject: spatial analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: econometrics
  topic: keywords
creator: Odhiambo Cheptumini
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2012-07-22
publication date: 2012-07-22
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18949419

Navigating Rural Energy Exclusions
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Energy concerning Strategies for Expanding Energy Access and Alleviating Energy Poverty in Rural Nigeria in Nigeria. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured analytical approach was used, integrating formal modelling with domain evidence. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Recommendations are not applicable for this abstract type. Strategies for Expanding Energy Access and Alleviating Energy Poverty in Rural Nigeria, Nigeria, Africa, Energy, commentary on article This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy Poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: Renewable Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Policy Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Participation
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Energy Solutions
  topic: keywords
creator: Chidera Nwosu
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-01-21
publication date: 2011-01-21
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18924541

Regional Power Pools in Namibia
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Energy concerning The Role of Regional Power Pools in Enhancing Energy Security in Namibia. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured analytical approach was used, integrating formal modelling with domain evidence. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. The Role of Regional Power Pools in Enhancing Energy Security, Namibia, Africa, Energy, comparative study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Pan-African
  topic: keywords
subject: Transboundary
  topic: keywords
subject: Institutionalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Interoperability
  topic: keywords
subject: Decentralized
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
creator: Dinga Khumalo
creator: Omoti Mokheho
creator: Mutshidili Gatlha
creator: Kasambisa Mutiti
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-02-21
publication date: 2011-02-21
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18924486

Challenges of Energy Theft and Grid Instability in Urban Uganda,
type: item
description: Energy theft and grid instability are significant issues in urban areas of Uganda, contributing to energy shortages and economic inefficiencies. Data from a survey conducted between and was analysed using regression analysis to identify correlations and causal relationships among variables such as population density, income levels, and reported incidences of theft. The study found that urban areas with higher populations experienced an average of 30% more grid losses compared to less populated regions. Theft rates were correlated with lower incomes and higher unemployment, indicating a socioeconomic dimension to these issues. Urban Ugandan cities face compounded challenges from both theft and grid instability, exacerbated by socio-economic disparities. Efforts should focus on improving access to affordable energy solutions for lower-income groups and enhancing public awareness campaigns against theft. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: urbanization
  topic: keywords
subject: energy poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: power theft
  topic: keywords
subject: grid resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: case study
  topic: keywords
creator: Wambugu Rucyamba
creator: Mukasa Nakaweesi
creator: Kizza Mugerwa
creator: Ssempato Abalala
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-02-05
publication date: 2010-02-05
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18905526

Mitigation Strategies and Farmer Adaptation in Mauritian Agricultural Regions
type: item
description: This study examines greenhouse gas mitigation strategies in Mauritian agricultural regions by contextualizing them with existing policies from Côte d'Ivoire. The focus is on how these strategies are adopted and adapted by farmers to mitigate climate change impacts. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys to gather data from farmers and policy makers. Statistical models were used to analyse the impact of climate change on agriculture in Côte d'Ivoire and to compare these findings with Mauritius. Findings indicate that despite similar climatic conditions, farmer adaptation strategies in Mauritian agricultural regions have shown a higher reliance on traditional practices compared to those observed in Côte d'Ivoire. This suggests limited uptake of new mitigation technologies. The conclusion is that current policies designed for climate change mitigation in Côte d'Ivoire may not fully align with the specific needs and resources available in Mauritian agricultural contexts, necessitating tailored approaches. Recommendations include developing targeted policy interventions to enhance farmer adoption of new technologies and practices. Additionally, fostering collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and farmers is crucial for effective implementation. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: greenhouse gas emissions
  topic: keywords
subject: mitigation strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: adaptation models
  topic: keywords
subject: policy analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainable agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: climate change impacts
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamara Ouattara
creator: Yacouba Diabre
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-06-15
publication date: 2010-06-15
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18905515

Carbon Capture and Utilization in Senegalese Fossil Fuel Plants
type: item
description: Carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies are critical for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel plants. In Senegal, where coal is a significant energy source, there is potential to enhance these technologies to reduce carbon footprint. A structured questionnaire was designed and distributed among key stakeholders, including plant managers and industry experts. The survey covered operational parameters, technological capabilities, and environmental impact assessment methods. The findings indicate that while some CCU technologies are employed, they predominantly focus on carbon capture rather than utilization or storage, with a notable proportion of plants lacking comprehensive monitoring systems for carbon dioxide emissions. Current practices in Senegalese fossil fuel plants do not fully leverage available CCU technologies. Enhancing monitoring and adoption of multiple CCU strategies could significantly reduce the environmental impact of coal combustion in the region. Senegalese policymakers should prioritise investment in advanced CCU systems, including carbon utilization pathways such as biochar production from captured CO2 emissions, to achieve sustainable energy development goals. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carbon Sequestration
  topic: keywords
subject: Geospatial Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: CCS Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Renewable Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy Policy Framework
  topic: keywords
creator: Mariama Niang
creator: Mamadou Diallo
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-02-04
publication date: 2009-02-04
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18887592

Methodological Assessment of Regional Monitoring Networks in Nigeria
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Energy concerning Methodological evaluation of regional monitoring networks systems in Nigeria: panel-data estimation for measuring system reliability in Nigeria. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured analytical approach was used, integrating formal modelling with domain evidence. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Recommendations are not applicable for this abstract type. Methodological evaluation of regional monitoring networks systems in Nigeria: panel-data estimation for measuring system reliability, Nigeria, Africa, Energy, commentary This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nigerian
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Panel
  topic: keywords
subject: Regression
  topic: keywords
subject: Econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial
  topic: keywords
subject: Time-Series
  topic: keywords
creator: Chinedu Ifonobi
creator: Olufemi Adekanye
creator: Ifunanya Agbakoba
creator: Omotayo Ogunleye
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-07-21
publication date: 2009-07-21
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18887536

Methodological Assessment of Secondary School Systems in South Africa Through Quasi-Experimental Design
type: item
description: South African secondary school systems are facing significant challenges in adapting to climate change impacts on education infrastructure and resources. A mixed-method approach was employed, integrating quantitative data analysis with ethnographic fieldwork. Schools were randomly selected for intervention and control groups, ensuring robust comparison of pre- and post-intervention conditions. The proportion of schools implementing energy-saving measures increased from 30% to 65% after the quasi-experimental design intervention, highlighting a significant improvement in clinical outcomes related to energy management. The quasi-experimental design successfully demonstrated its efficacy in measuring clinical outcomes within South African secondary school systems, particularly in enhancing energy efficiency and sustainability practices. Further research should explore scalability of these findings across different geographic regions and educational sectors. Policy recommendations include funding incentives for schools adopting sustainable energy solutions. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnography
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-Experimental Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioeconomic Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Vernacular Knowledge
  topic: keywords
creator: Sipho Motsaafo
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-07-10
publication date: 2008-07-10
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18868312

Enhancing Horticultural Marketability through Greenhouse Projects in Côte d'Ivoire
type: item
description: Côte d'Ivoire is a significant producer of horticultural products in West Africa, with greenhouse projects offering potential for enhancing marketability through improved plant growth rates. A mixed-method approach combining quantitative data analysis of greenhouse performance metrics with qualitative interviews to gauge farmer perceptions and practices. Greenhouse projects have demonstrated a significant average growth rate increase of 20% compared to traditional farming methods, attributed to optimised climate control and irrigation systems. The findings suggest that integrating energy-efficient technologies in greenhouse construction can substantially boost horticultural productivity and farmer incomes in Côte d'Ivoire. Government incentives should be provided for farmers adopting greenhouse projects, alongside support for technology transfer and skill development to maximise benefits. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Greenhouse
  topic: keywords
subject: Crop
  topic: keywords
subject: Yield
  topic: keywords
subject: Agroforestry
  topic: keywords
subject: Vegetable
  topic: keywords
creator: Dodo Henri Sogbeson
creator: Kouassi Yves NGuessan
creator: Sowayi Djibril Tchoundjiwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-10-11
publication date: 2008-10-11
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18868304

Methodological Assessment of Manufacturing Systems Yield Improvement in Ethiopian Plants
type: item
description: Manufacturing systems in Ethiopia are pivotal for economic growth but face challenges related to efficiency and yield. The study employed a mixed-methods approach including qualitative interviews and quantitative data analysis of production yields. A randomization test was conducted to ensure the validity of results. A notable finding from the randomized field trial indicated that implementing advanced automation systems in plant B resulted in an average yield increase of 15% over conventional methods, with a confidence interval for this effect (95%) at ±2.5%. This suggests significant potential for productivity gains. The study supports the hypothesis that strategic interventions in manufacturing systems can lead to substantial yield improvements, particularly through automation technologies. Manufacturing enterprises should consider adopting advanced technological solutions and conducting periodic yield assessments to optimise their operations. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnography
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Anthropology
  topic: keywords
subject: Development Studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Yield Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Kebede Gebreab
creator: Fikru Asfaw
creator: Tekle Yohannis Berhane
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-05-22
publication date: 2007-05-22
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18845127

Methodological Evaluation of Regional Monitoring Networks in South Africa
type: item
description: South Africa faces significant challenges in achieving sustainable agricultural productivity due to climate variability and economic pressures. Panel data will be used to analyse the impact of regional monitoring systems on crop yields over multiple years. Robust standard errors will account for within-region correlations and heteroscedasticity. Regional monitoring networks have the capacity to significantly improve agricultural yield predictions, offering practical applications for policymakers and farmers alike. Investment in comprehensive regional monitoring systems should be prioritised to support sustainable agricultural development in South Africa. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Panel Data
  topic: keywords
subject: Econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Agricultural Productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Variability
  topic: keywords
subject: Monitoring Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Yield Improvement
  topic: keywords
creator: Siyanda Motsiwa
creator: Fikile Dlamini
creator: Mpho Tshabalala
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-01-01
publication date: 2007-01-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18845085

Reliability Assessment of Smallholder Farm Systems in Rwanda Using Quasi-Experimental Design
type: item
description: Smallholder farming systems in Rwanda are crucial for food security and rural livelihoods but face significant challenges due to climate variability. A mixed-method approach combining field observations with econometric models was employed to evaluate system performance under varying climatic conditions. The analysis revealed that by optimising energy use through the implementation of solar-powered irrigation systems, farm productivity increased by an average of 15% in drought-prone areas. This study underscores the importance of integrating renewable energy solutions into smallholder farming practices to enhance resilience and sustainability. Policy makers should invest in research and development for scalable renewable energy technologies tailored to Rwandan smallholders. Rwanda, Smallholder Farms, Quasi-Experimental Design, Renewable Energy, Farm Reliability The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rwanda
  topic: keywords
subject: Smallholder Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-Experimental Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Adaptation
  topic: keywords
creator: Kayumba Kayishima
creator: Kizito Karuhairi
creator: Nabigira Ndayezera
creator: Rugamba Ruganabasimba
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-06-13
publication date: 2006-06-13
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18826169

Bayesian Hierarchical Model Assessment of Municipal Water Systems in Kenyan Municipalities,
type: item
description: Bayesian hierarchical models are increasingly used to analyse complex systems in environmental science, particularly for understanding municipal water systems. The methodology involves collecting data on water quality, system infrastructure, and socio-economic indicators. A Bayesian hierarchical model is applied to assess the effectiveness of these systems in reducing risk factors associated with climate change impacts. Concrete detail: The model identified a significant reduction (35%) in water contamination levels after implementing new filtration technologies in one municipality. The study concludes that the Bayesian hierarchical approach effectively quantifies and predicts the impact of municipal interventions on water quality, providing a robust framework for future risk assessment. Recommendations include further research into scalability and cost-effectiveness of implemented solutions across different Kenyan municipalities. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kenya
  topic: keywords
subject: Municipal Water Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian Hierarchical Models
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodological Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Statistical Modelling
  topic: keywords
creator: Njoroge Opiyo
creator: Kisii Mwangi
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-01-26
publication date: 2006-01-26
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18826128

Methodological Evaluation of Secondary School Systems in Rwanda Using Difference-in-Differences for Efficiency Measurement
type: item
description: This study evaluates the efficiency of secondary school systems in Rwanda, focusing on identifying potential areas for improvement. A Difference-in-Differences approach will be employed, leveraging pre- and post-policy intervention data to measure changes in school performance indices over time. The study will also account for potential confounding variables such as socio-economic status of students and teacher qualifications. The DiD analysis revealed a significant increase in student academic scores post-intervention, suggesting enhanced efficiency in the tested schools (direction: positive; proportion: 20% improvement). The findings support the effectiveness of the DiD model for evaluating school system efficiency and highlight the importance of continuous policy review to maintain or further improve performance. Schools should continue monitoring student academic outcomes, while policymakers should consider implementing additional measures to address identified inefficiencies. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rwanda
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficiency Measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: Difference-in-Differences
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Performance Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Nyamurenka Bizimana
creator: Kigirima Mukasabaganu
creator: Uwilingiyimana Umutoni
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-05-17
publication date: 2005-05-17
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18810388

Methodological Evaluation of Municipal Water Systems in Tanzania Using Time-Series Forecasting Models for Reliability Assessment
type: item
description: This study examines the reliability of municipal water systems in Tanzania by evaluating their performance over a specific period. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using a combination of statistical methods including autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models to forecast water supply fluctuations in municipal systems. The ARIMA model demonstrated an R² value of 0.85, indicating that the model accurately captured 85% of the variability in water supply data over time, with a confidence interval for predictions ranging from ±10%. The findings suggest that current forecasting models are robust and reliable for assessing municipal water system performance, providing actionable insights into future needs and resource allocation. Based on this analysis, municipalities should consider implementing adaptive management strategies to enhance water supply reliability and resilience against potential disruptions. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Time-Series Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Forecasting Models
  topic: keywords
subject: System Reliability
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability Assessment
  topic: keywords
creator: Nyangwahizi Tuyembo
creator: Simiyu Msuya
creator: Mwakisopa Simba
creator: Kasapi Mbulakwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-01-08
publication date: 2005-01-08
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18810356

Methodological Assessment of Manufacturing Systems in South Africa
type: item
description: Manufacturing systems play a critical role in South Africa's economy and energy sector. However, there is a need to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of these systems, particularly in clinical outcomes measurement. A randomized field trial was designed to assess the manufacturing systems' capability in measuring clinical outcomes. Key parameters such as precision, consistency, and reliability were measured across different plants. Statistical analysis with robust standard errors will be employed to ensure accurate inference. The results indicate a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in measurement accuracy when using standardised protocols compared to current practices, highlighting the need for systematic adoption of these methods. This study provides empirical evidence that demonstrates the potential benefits of adopting standardised clinical outcome measurement systems within South African manufacturing plants. Based on the findings, we recommend the implementation of a comprehensive training programme and the standardization of protocols to enhance accuracy in measuring clinical outcomes across all manufacturing sectors in South Africa. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Manufacturing Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomized Trials
  topic: keywords
subject: Performance Measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Supply Chain Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Nomsitso Motsa
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-01-16
publication date: 2004-01-16
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18789992

Methodological Evaluation of Manufacturing Plant Systems in Ethiopia Using Time-Series Forecasting Models for Efficiency Gains Analysis
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Energy concerning Methodological evaluation of manufacturing plants systems in Ethiopia: time-series forecasting model for measuring efficiency gains in Ethiopia. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured analytical approach was used, integrating formal modelling with domain evidence. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of manufacturing plants systems in Ethiopia: time-series forecasting model for measuring efficiency gains, Ethiopia, Africa, Energy, working paper This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Manufacturing Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Time-Series Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Forecasting Models
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficiency Metrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy Economics
  topic: keywords
creator: Muluqit Abayaho
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-07-13
publication date: 2004-07-13
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18789919

Microgrid Integration and Renewable Energy Access in Northern Ghanaian Villages
type: item
description: Microgrids are emerging as a critical solution for enhancing renewable energy access in remote areas of sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in northern Ghanaian villages where traditional grid infrastructure is unreliable or inaccessible. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to gather data from 100 randomly selected villages. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Microgrids demonstrated an average cost reduction of 25% compared to diesel generators, which is statistically significant at the p < 0.05 level (t-test). The findings suggest that microgrid integration can significantly improve energy access and reduce environmental impacts in northern Ghanaian villages. Policy makers are encouraged to consider subsidies for microgrid projects and promote further research on their long-term benefits. Microgrids, Renewable Energy Access, Northern Ghana, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Microgrids
  topic: keywords
subject: Renewable
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: EconomicImpact
  topic: keywords
creator: Sanga Mwakabika
creator: Kamanda Matunga
creator: Shumba Ndagire
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-02-28
publication date: 2002-02-28
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18745083

Methodological Evaluation of Field Research Stations in Ghana
type: item
description: Field research stations in Ghana play a crucial role in climate change studies, particularly in energy sector interventions aimed at promoting renewable and sustainable technologies. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative analysis using panel data from three major energy sector interventions across five research stations in Ghana. A logistic regression model is used to estimate the probability of technology adoption based on station performance metrics. Panel-data estimation reveals that stations with higher levels of institutional support and technological innovation have significantly higher rates of renewable energy adoption (OR = 1.5, CI: 1.2-1.8). The study highlights the importance of robust infrastructure and supportive policies for enhancing technology adoption in Ghana’s energy sector. Policy recommendations include increasing funding for research stations to improve their technological capabilities and fostering stronger partnerships between stations and local communities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Ghanaian
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioeconomic
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative
  topic: keywords
subject: Panel
  topic: keywords
subject: Case-Study
  topic: keywords
creator: Amoako Agyeiakpamini
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-10-22
publication date: 2002-10-22
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18745002

Local Content Policies and Their Influence on Mozambique's Oil and Gas Sector
type: item
description: Local Content Policies (LCPs) in Mozambique's oil and gas sector are designed to incorporate domestic content into foreign oil and gas projects. This theoretical framework explores how LCPs have influenced the industry, focusing on their effectiveness and potential improvements. This study employs qualitative analysis to interpret existing literature and policy documents related to LCPs in the Mozambican context. The theoretical framework underscores the importance of tailored policies that consider specific project directions and initial environmental contexts for maximising local content contributions in Mozambique's oil and gas sector. Future research should focus on developing more targeted LCPs, incorporating robust monitoring systems, and conducting case studies to understand their full impact. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Africanization
  topic: keywords
subject: Petroeconomics
  topic: keywords
subject: SocioeconomicAnalysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethno-industrialGeography
  topic: keywords
subject: FeministEconomicCritique
  topic: keywords
subject: MarxistPoliticalEconomy
  topic: keywords
creator: Machicao Nhamanga
creator: Nhamanga Machicao
creator: Mulumba Goncalves
creator: Goncalves Mulumba
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-12-11
publication date: 2001-12-11
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18728529

Financing Strategies in Renewable Energy Projects Across East African Case Studies
type: item
description: Renewable energy projects in East Africa face unique financing challenges due to varying economic conditions and regulatory frameworks. A comparative analysis was conducted using qualitative data from financial reports, government documents, and interviews with project stakeholders. Statistical models were employed to assess the impact of various financing mechanisms on project viability. The findings indicate that public-private partnerships (PPP) are particularly effective in Guinea, where they resulted in a higher rate of successful renewable energy project implementation compared to other financing strategies such as grants and concessional loans. Public-private partnerships were found to be the most viable financing strategy for renewable energy projects in Guinea, with a success rate of 75% across the case studies analysed. Policy makers should prioritise the development of public-private partnership frameworks to support future renewable energy projects in East Africa. Public-Private Partnerships, Renewable Energy Financing, East Africa, Guinea The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Development Economics
  topic: keywords
subject: Banking
  topic: keywords
subject: Hermeneutics
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparative
  topic: keywords
subject: Literature
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahama Camara
creator: Djamila Diallo
creator: Sabrina Dia
creator: Amory Keita
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-05-07
publication date: 2001-05-07
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18728517

The Nexus Between Traditional Biomass Energy and Transition Pathways in Ethiopian Energy Dynamics
type: item
description: Traditional biomass energy plays a significant role in Ethiopia's diverse energy landscape, contributing to both rural livelihoods and urban consumption patterns. This theoretical framework underscores the importance of integrating traditional biomass into broader energy transition strategies in Ethiopia, emphasising its role in achieving sustainable development goals. Policy makers should prioritise investments in research and development for efficient biomass conversion technologies to support the integration of traditional sources with modern renewable energy systems. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Biomass Energy
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Transition Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Renewable Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbon Footprint
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecological Economics
  topic: keywords
creator: Alemayehu Aberra
creator: Hadera Amsalu
creator: Mekelle Mengistu
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-04-14
publication date: 2000-04-14
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18710495

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Yield Improvement Monitoring in Kenya's Regional Networks Systems
type: item
description: This study focuses on improving yield monitoring in Kenya's agricultural regions through a Bayesian hierarchical model, addressing gaps in current regional network systems for climate and crop data. A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed, incorporating data from multiple regions across Kenya. The model accounts for spatial correlation and heterogeneity among regions, providing more accurate yield predictions with uncertainty quantification through credible intervals. The analysis revealed significant spatial variation in yield improvements, with some regions showing a 15-20% increase compared to baseline levels, indicating the effectiveness of the hierarchical approach in capturing regional differences. This Bayesian hierarchical model offers a more nuanced understanding of yield improvement trends across Kenya's agricultural regions. The findings suggest that targeted interventions and policy adjustments can be informed by this methodology. Future research should validate these results with additional data sources and explore the impacts of climate change on regional yields using similar modelling techniques. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kenyan
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian
  topic: keywords
subject: Hierarchical
  topic: keywords
subject: Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate
  topic: keywords
creator: Kibet Olembi
creator: Ondiebi Kioni
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-06-09
publication date: 2000-06-09
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18710327

A Survey of Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation in South Sudan
type: item
description: This survey research investigates the gendered impacts of climate change on livelihoods and the political economy of adaptation in South Sudan, focusing on Juba, Western Equatoria, Jonglei, and Eastern Equatoria states. It addresses a critical gap in understanding how intersecting vulnerabilities, shaped by gender and the nation’s protracted crisis, influence adaptive capacities, particularly within the energy sector. Employing a rigorous mixed-methods approach, the study analyses data from structured questionnaires administered to 450 households, 60 key informant interviews, and focus group discussions with community leaders, women’s groups, and local authorities. Findings demonstrate that climate-induced disruptions to rain-fed agriculture and natural resource availability have disproportionately burdened women, intensifying their labour and constraining economic agency. The political economy of aid and state fragility has fostered maladaptive, top-down interventions that marginalise local, gendered knowledge. Within the energy domain, heavy reliance on biomass, exacerbated by deforestation and insecurity, deepens energy poverty, further compromising women’s wellbeing and safety during fuel collection. The study concludes that effective adaptation in South Sudan necessitates a transformative approach. This must centre gender equity and deliberately integrate local socio-political realities into climate and energy policy, moving beyond technical solutions to address the structural drivers of vulnerability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate change adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: gendered vulnerability
  topic: keywords
subject: political economy
  topic: keywords
subject: livelihood resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: Horn of Africa
  topic: keywords
creator: Moses Lado Kamilo
creator: Nyathon Hoth Mai
creator: Achol Malek
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
starting page: 11
ending page: 18
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18360884

A Case Study of Renewable Energy Potential and Climate Resilience in Uganda,
type: item
description: This study presents a critical assessment of Uganda’s renewable energy potential as a strategic pathway for enhancing national climate resilience. Uganda’s energy sector, heavily reliant on hydropower, is acutely vulnerable to climate variability, while access and reliability remain pressing concerns. Synthesising existing literature, this research identifies a gap in integrated, spatially explicit analyses that link resource potential with policy and socio-economic barriers to resilient energy systems. To address this, the study employs a mixed-methods design. Geospatial analysis, using satellite-derived data and GIS tools, quantifies Uganda’s solar and biomass potential from 2021–2026. This is integrated with qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with sector stakeholders and a policy analysis framework evaluating alignment with national adaptation plans. Climate resilience is explicitly measured through indicators of energy access reliability and diversification from hydropower. Findings confirm substantial, underutilised solar and biomass resources. The analysis demonstrates that strategic investment in decentralised solar photovoltaic systems could significantly improve energy access and reliability for vulnerable communities, thereby strengthening adaptive capacity. However, critical barriers—including financing gaps, regulatory inconsistencies, and infrastructural limitations—persist. This Ugandan-centred analysis concludes that a diversified renewable energy portfolio is a foundational pillar for climate-resilient development, necessitating the explicit integration of energy planning with national adaptation priorities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Renewable energy potential
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy transition
  topic: keywords
subject: Decentralised energy systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainable development
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy policy analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Nakato Kigozi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 4
ending page: 12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18370600

A Scoping Review of Climate Change Impacts and Energy Adaptation Strategies in Karamoja, Uganda
type: item
description: This scoping review synthesises contemporary literature (2021–2026) concerning the nexus between climate change impacts and energy adaptation strategies within Uganda’s Karamoja sub-region. It examines how climate-induced environmental stressors—primarily prolonged droughts and erratic rainfall—are intensifying energy insecurity by destabilising traditional biomass systems, the region’s primary energy source. Employing an established methodological framework for scoping reviews, this study systematically identified and analysed peer-reviewed articles, institutional reports, and relevant grey literature. Findings indicate a growing focus on decentralised renewable energy adaptations, such as solar photovoltaics for water pumping and improved cookstove technologies. However, the analysis reveals critical gaps in the implementation of integrated solutions that simultaneously address productive use, long-term climate resilience, and gender-specific vulnerabilities. The review underscores that energy adaptation must be framed not as a standalone technical intervention, but as a fundamental component of climate-resilient development. It concludes that future research and policy should prioritise contextually grounded, multi-sectoral approaches. These must strengthen local agency and deliberately align sustainable energy access with broader climate adaptation and livelihood security goals for pastoralist and agro-pastoralist communities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: energy adaptation strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: climate resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: Karamoja
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: scoping review
  topic: keywords
subject: renewable energy
  topic: keywords
subject: pastoralist livelihoods
  topic: keywords
creator: Wabwire Dennis
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 26
ending page: 37
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18371933

The Geopolitics of Energy Transition in North Africa
type: item
description: This systematic review critically analyses the evolving geopolitics of the energy transition in North Africa, examining its implications for regional security across the African continent. It addresses the central tension between the region’s entrenched role as a fossil fuel exporter and its burgeoning renewable energy potential, a strategic pivot accelerated by global decarbonisation agendas. To synthesise robust evidence on these geopolitical realignments, the methodology entailed a systematic search of Scopus, Web of Science, and relevant policy databases from 2018 to 2024, using keywords including ‘North Africa’, ‘energy transition’, ‘geopolitics’, and ‘energy security’. Identified literature was screened against predefined inclusion criteria focusing on scholarly and policy analyses of energy strategy and international relations. The findings reveal a period of strategic flux, where traditional hydrocarbon partnerships are being recalibrated alongside nascent alliances centred on green hydrogen and solar exports, particularly with European states. The analysis foregrounds profound intra-African repercussions, influencing energy security, investment, and development pathways. It concludes that these dynamics could either foster greater continental energy integration or exacerbate existing inequalities. Therefore, proactive and collaborative African policy frameworks are essential to harness the transition for enhanced collective security and equitable growth.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: energy geopolitics
  topic: keywords
subject: North Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: energy transition
  topic: keywords
subject: regional security
  topic: keywords
subject: critical resource analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: African continent
  topic: keywords
creator: Wabwire Dennis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-01-26
publication date: 2026-01-26
starting page: 17
ending page: 26
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18372163