Community-based forest conservation programmes have been implemented in various regions to protect biodiversity and manage natural resources sustainably. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, synthesizing existing studies on community-based conservation initiatives and their impacts on biodiversity and local economies. The analysis reveals that these programmes led to a significant increase (60%) in forest cover over five years, contributing to improved economic returns for participating communities. Community-based conservation efforts have positive outcomes on both ecological and socio-economic dimensions, providing a robust framework for similar initiatives worldwide. Further research should focus on long-term sustainability and the establishment of effective governance structures to ensure continued success. community-based forest conservation, biodiversity protection, economic returns, Algerian context The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.