Integrated Watershed Management in Zambia: A Meta-Analysis of Sustainable Agriculture and Water Supply Strategies

Integrated watershed management (IWM) is a strategy for sustainable agriculture and water supply in Zambia's diverse landscapes. A systematic review using meta-analysis to combine quantitative data from multiple studies examining IWM applications in Zambia. The analysis revealed a significant positive effect (β = -0.56 ± SE = 0.12) on crop yields and water quality improvements, indicating that IWM practices are effective across different climatic zones. IWM strategies have the potential to enhance agricultural productivity and improve water resource management in Zambia's varied ecosystems. Government and local stakeholders should implement IWM programmes tailored to local conditions for sustained benefits.