African Coastal Management (Environmental/Earth Science)
African Coastal Management (Environmental/Earth Science) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Digital Transformation's Impact on North African Retail Sector
Digital transformation has become a critical driver of economic growth in various sectors globally. In North Africa, particularly in Zimbabwe’s retail sector, digital technologies have been rapidly adopted and are reshaping business practices. The research employs a mixed-methods approach combining surveys (N=300) with in-depth interviews (n=25), supplemented by secondary data analysis. The process involves triangulation to ensure robust validity and reliability. Digital transformation has led to an increase of 48% in online sales among retailers, while 60% of respondents reported enhanced customer engagement through digital platforms. However, challenges such as inadequate internet infrastructure persist. The findings suggest that while digital technologies offer significant benefits, addressing existing infrastructural gaps is essential for widespread adoption and sustainability. Investments in digital literacy programmes should be prioritised to ensure a skilled workforce, alongside efforts to improve internet connectivity across the country.
Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Challenges and Opportunities for E-commerce Adoption by SMEs in Egypt
E-commerce has emerged as a critical business strategy for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), offering opportunities to expand markets beyond traditional geographical boundaries and enhance operational efficiency. The study employed a qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews with 30 SME owners across Egypt's major urban centers. Data collection focused on understanding business operations, market penetration strategies, and technological integration challenges. SMEs in Egypt face significant barriers to e-commerce adoption, particularly related to inadequate internet infrastructure (56%) and limited digital literacy among management teams (42%). However, there is substantial interest in digital transformation, with over two-thirds of respondents expressing a willingness to adopt new technologies within the next year. Egyptian SMEs exhibit varying levels of readiness for e-commerce integration, influenced by local market conditions and technological access. Understanding these dynamics can inform targeted support strategies to facilitate smoother transitions into the digital economy. Public-private partnerships should prioritise infrastructure development and capacity building initiatives aimed at enhancing internet connectivity and boosting digital literacy among SME owners. Egyptian SMEs, e-commerce adoption, challenges, opportunities, digital transformation
Microfinance Institutions and Women Entrepreneurs in Ethiopian Development
Microfinance institutions (MFIs) have emerged as significant players in supporting small-scale entrepreneurs worldwide. In Ethiopia, where access to formal financial services is limited, MFIs play a crucial role in addressing this gap by providing credit and training to women entrepreneurs. The methodology employed for this study involved conducting a comprehensive survey among a sample population of women entrepreneurs who have received financial assistance from Microfinance Institutions in Ethiopia. Data collection was conducted through online surveys and semi-structured interviews to gather qualitative insights on their experiences and challenges. Microfinance institutions (MFIs) provided essential credit support, with over 75% of surveyed women entrepreneurs receiving at least one loan during the study period. Training programmes offered by MFIs were effective in enhancing business skills, particularly in areas such as financial management and marketing strategies. However, challenges persist, including limited access to markets and insufficient collateral requirements. This study highlights the critical role of Microfinance Institutions (MFIs) in empowering women entrepreneurs in Ethiopia. The findings underscore the importance of tailored support programmes that address specific needs of female business owners. Policy makers should consider integrating MFI services into existing development frameworks to ensure a more comprehensive approach towards financial inclusion and entrepreneurship empowerment among women.
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Challenges and Opportunities in Post-Conflict African Businesses
Post-conflict environments in Africa often present unique challenges for businesses seeking to establish or expand operations. A structured survey was conducted among a sample of SME owners and managers across various sectors to gather qualitative insights into their experiences and strategies. The survey revealed that nearly two-thirds of respondents experienced significant delays in securing permits and licences, which hindered business operations post-conflict. Small businesses in Kenya are resilient but face substantial barriers necessitating tailored support mechanisms from government and civil society organizations. Policy makers should prioritise streamlined regulatory processes to reduce bureaucratic hurdles for SMEs. Civil society initiatives can also play a crucial role by providing training and networking opportunities.
Mobile Banking and Financial Inclusion in Rural Kenya
In rural Kenya, financial services are often inaccessible or prohibitively expensive for the majority of the population, leading to a significant gap in financial inclusion. Qualitative data collection methods, including participant observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions were employed to gather insights from a diverse sample of mobile banking users across different socio-economic backgrounds. Mobile banking usage among rural Kenyans has grown by 40% over the past year, with women constituting 56% of active users, highlighting its potential as an inclusive financial service. This study underscores mobile banking's role in bridging the digital divide and enhancing financial inclusion in rural Kenya. It provides a nuanced understanding of how such services can be tailored to meet local needs more effectively. Policy makers should consider mandating financial institutions to offer more affordable mobile banking options, particularly for women and youth who are underrepresented in current usage patterns.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Microloan Accessibility and Its Impact on Food Security and Economic Independence Among Rural Women Farmers in Burkina Faso
Microloans have been recognised as a critical tool for enhancing economic independence among rural populations in developing countries. An action research approach was employed, involving qualitative interviews with 50 randomly selected rural women farmers who have received microloans over the past two years. Data collection also included participant observations and document reviews of loan records and community development projects. Microloan recipients reported a significant increase in their crop yields by 20% compared to non-recipients, attributed to improved access to quality seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation systems. They also noted an average income growth of 45% over the same period. The findings suggest that microloans play a pivotal role in boosting food security and economic resilience among rural women farmers in Burkina Faso. Policy makers should prioritise expanding access to microfinance programmes for women, particularly focusing on agricultural sectors. Additionally, support for capacity building workshops targeting financial literacy and business management skills is recommended. Microloans, Rural Women Farmers, Food Security, Economic Independence, Burkina Faso
Post-conflict Ethiopia presents a unique landscape for economic development, characterized by both challenges and opportunities within its coastal regions. This study employs an ethnographic approach, gathering qualitative data through participant observation, interviews, and document analysis from business owners and community leaders in coastal areas of Ethiopia. Businesses in post-conflict Ethiopia often struggle with securing funding due to a lack of trust in government institutions, but they have successfully adapted by forming partnerships with international organizations and leveraging informal networks for support. This study underscores the importance of fostering community-based initiatives and strengthening public-private partnerships to facilitate sustainable business growth in post-conflict environments. Policy makers should prioritise building trust between businesses and government, while promoting collaborative frameworks that include both formal and informal stakeholders.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Eco-tourism in coastal communities is a burgeoning field of interest for sustainable development strategies in Africa and beyond. The research employs qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions among stakeholders such as tourists, tourism operators, and community members. Data analysis focuses on thematic coding to identify common themes and patterns of visitor experiences and sustainability challenges. Findings indicate that a significant proportion (75%) of visitors reported high satisfaction with the eco-tourism activities, particularly in terms of environmental education and cultural immersion, while also highlighting recurring issues such as infrastructure maintenance and community engagement strategies. The study concludes that effective community involvement and transparent communication are key to sustaining successful eco-tourism projects in Madagascar's coastal regions. Recommendations include the need for improved local governance structures and increased funding for tourism-related development projects, alongside ongoing education and capacity building initiatives for community members.
This study examines the integration of large firms and local Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in South Africa's coastal management sector. The study employs an action research approach, involving interviews with key stakeholders and analysis of existing data from the South African Department of Environmental Affairs. Business integration strategies varied significantly in terms of direction (from supply to demand) and proportion (with some firms adopting multi-faceted approaches). Despite challenges, there is evidence that strategic partnerships can lead to mutual benefits for both large firms and SMEs in coastal management. Firms should proactively seek out local SMEs with complementary skills, while the government could facilitate collaboration through policy support.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Digital Transformation's Influence on Retail Sector in Senegal
Digital transformation has been increasingly recognised as a critical driver of economic growth across various sectors globally. In North Africa, Senegal's retail sector is an area where digitalization can significantly influence business operations and consumer behaviour. The research methodology involves a comprehensive survey analysis among selected retail enterprises in Senegal. Data was collected through online questionnaires distributed across different regions of the country, ensuring representation from urban and rural settings. A total of 150 responses were analysed to derive insights into digital transformation practices and their implications on business performance. Findings indicate that while a majority (72%) of surveyed retail businesses have adopted at least one form of digital technology, the level of integration varies widely across sectors. For instance, e-commerce platforms are more prevalent in urban areas compared to rural regions, reflecting differences in consumer access and technological infrastructure. The study concludes that although Senegal's retail sector is showing promising signs of embracing digitalization, there remains significant room for improvement, particularly in terms of technology uniformity and accessibility across different geographic locations. To further enhance the impact of digital transformation on the retail sector, it is recommended that policymakers consider implementing targeted initiatives aimed at bridging the technological gap between urban and rural areas. Additionally, fostering a more inclusive digital ecosystem could contribute to greater economic inclusivity in Senegal’s retail market. Digital Transformation, Retail Sector, Senegal, North Africa
Gender Norms and Sustainable Agriculture Practices Among Smallholder Farmers in Kenya's Coastal Regions 2008
Gender norms significantly influence agricultural practices among smallholder farmers in Kenya's coastal regions, affecting sustainability and productivity. The study employed semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with 50 smallholder farmers across four coastal counties. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify patterns related to gender norms and agricultural sustainability. Findings indicate that women's participation in decision-making processes regarding land use and crop selection is limited, leading to suboptimal resource allocation and lower yields compared to men. Gendered roles within farming communities hinder the adoption of sustainable agriculture practices, emphasising the need for inclusive policies that empower women farmers. Policy recommendations include promoting gender-sensitive extension services and recognising women's contributions through formal recognition in agricultural development programmes.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Investment Climate and FDI Attraction in Mozambique
Investment climate in Mozambique has been an area of interest for both domestic and international investors due to its strategic location along the East African coast and its potential for economic growth. The study employs a comparative analysis approach, examining data from various economic reports and interviews with industry experts. A mixed-methods strategy combining qualitative insights and statistical data is utilised to provide a comprehensive understanding of Mozambique's investment climate. Key findings indicate that the implementation of streamlined administrative processes has significantly improved investor perceptions, leading to an increase in foreign direct investments by approximately 20% over the past three years. Additionally, there is a notable trend towards diversification of FDI sources, with increased interest from Asian investors compared to previous years. The comparative analysis reveals that Mozambique's investment climate has improved, particularly through enhanced administrative procedures and targeted marketing initiatives aimed at attracting foreign investment. These measures have been effective in fostering economic growth by reducing barriers for potential investors. To further enhance FDI attraction, the government should continue to streamline bureaucratic processes and develop more comprehensive market-oriented policies that address specific sectoral needs. Additionally, targeted international marketing efforts should be intensified to attract a broader range of foreign investment sources. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Mozambique, Investment Climate, Policy Measures
Rural Kenya faces significant financial inclusion challenges due to geographic isolation and limited access to formal banking services. An ethnographic study conducted through participant observation, interviews, and focus group discussions with approximately 30 individuals from diverse socio-economic backgrounds across two selected districts. Mobile banking services were widely adopted by rural Kenyans, particularly those living in remote areas, demonstrating a usage rate of over 75% for basic financial transactions such as savings and remittances. The study identified significant barriers to full financial inclusion including limited internet connectivity and literacy issues among older populations. Mobile banking has played a pivotal role in enhancing financial access and stability in rural Kenya, though further efforts are needed to address digital divide challenges. Investment in improving internet infrastructure and community education programmes targeting older demographics is recommended to accelerate financial inclusion.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cross-Cultural Dynamics in Pan-African Companies of Central African Republic
This study examines cross-cultural dynamics within Pan-African companies operating in the Central African Republic (CAR). The CAR is a landlocked country with rich natural resources but faces significant socio-economic challenges, making it an ideal setting for studying intercultural management. A qualitative research approach was employed through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders including managers from African-owned firms operating in CAR, supplemented with secondary data from industry reports and academic literature. Interviews revealed a notable challenge related to language barriers, with approximately 60% of managers reporting difficulties understanding local languages, which hindered effective communication and decision-making processes. Leadership styles also varied significantly across companies, with some adopting more traditional hierarchical approaches while others implemented more modern participatory models. The research underscores the importance of tailored cultural adaptation strategies for Pan-African companies operating in CAR to overcome these challenges effectively. Companies are advised to invest in language training programmes and culturally sensitive leadership development initiatives to enhance cross-cultural competence and improve operational efficiency. Pan-African companies, Central African Republic, Cross-cultural management, Leadership styles, Language barriers
Mobile Banking's Impact on Rural Women Farmers' Financial Literacy in Tanzania
Mobile banking has emerged as a transformative tool in financial inclusion, particularly for rural communities. In Tanzania, where access to formal financial services is limited, mobile banking platforms offer a viable alternative. However, their impact on enhancing financial literacy among rural women farmers remains underexplored. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including quantitative surveys (N=300) and qualitative interviews (n=25). Data were collected through a structured questionnaire assessing mobile banking usage frequency, service satisfaction, and changes in financial literacy. Interviews explored perceptions of barriers to adoption and strategies for improvement. Mobile banking platforms have been widely adopted by rural women farmers, with over 70% using the services at least once per month. However, challenges such as insufficient mobile phone coverage and limited awareness about available services persist. There is a significant increase in financial literacy scores among users compared to non-users, with an average improvement of 25%. The adoption of mobile banking by rural women farmers demonstrates potential for enhancing financial inclusion and literacy. However, continued efforts are needed to address barriers and ensure equitable access to these services. Policy makers should invest in expanding mobile phone coverage and public awareness campaigns to support the wider adoption of mobile banking platforms among rural communities, particularly women farmers. mobile banking, financial literacy, rural women farmers, Tanzania
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mobile Banking as a Catalyst for Financial Inclusion in Rural Kenya
Mobile banking has emerged as a significant innovation in financial services delivery across various regions, offering cost-effective and accessible solutions for underbanked populations. The study will employ qualitative research methods, including literature review and thematic analysis to construct and support the theoretical model. The theoretical framework underscores the pivotal role of mobile banking in promoting financial inclusion in Kenya's rural areas, providing a robust foundation for future empirical studies and policy development. Policy makers should prioritise infrastructure investment to support widespread adoption of mobile banking services and explore additional incentives such as subsidies or training programmes.
Expanding Health Insurance Coverage for Urban Poor in Cairo
Cairo, Egypt's largest city, faces significant health disparities among its urban poor population, who often lack access to affordable healthcare. The analysis employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data from public health databases and surveys of urban poor residents. A thematic analysis of survey responses revealed that nearly two-thirds of respondents expressed interest in subsidized health insurance plans, highlighting the potential impact of such initiatives on coverage expansion. Policy strategies focused on targeting subsidies to underserved areas and integrating healthcare services into existing social safety nets show promise for improving access to healthcare among Cairo's urban poor. Immediate implementation of targeted subsidy programmes coupled with community health outreach efforts is recommended to accelerate the process of expanding coverage for the urban poor in Cairo.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Community-Based Water Source Protection Projects in Ghana
Community-based water source protection projects have been implemented in various parts of Ghana to address water scarcity and improve hygiene standards. An ethnographic approach was employed, involving participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions with stakeholders from affected communities in Ghana’s coastal regions. Community engagement varied significantly across project sites, with some initiatives showing clear success in water management practices but facing challenges related to resource allocation and community leadership. The analysis reveals that while community-based projects can be effective catalysts for change, sustained support and local governance structures are crucial for long-term success. Future interventions should prioritise capacity building among communities and strengthen collaborative efforts between stakeholders to ensure project sustainability.
Mobile banking applications have emerged as a significant tool for financial inclusion in various regions. A qualitative approach was employed to gather insights from interviews with teachers across selected urban areas. Mobile banking applications can be effective tools for enhancing financial literacy among secondary school educators, particularly in coastal regions where access to traditional financial services is limited. Educational institutions and policymakers should promote the integration of mobile banking education into teacher training programmes.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Drought-Resistant Maize Varieties and Smallholder Farmers in Northern Nigeria
Drought conditions in northern Nigeria have significantly impacted maize yields among smallholder farmers, necessitating the development and adoption of drought-resistant varieties. A mixed-method approach combining survey data with farmer interviews to assess changes in crop yields, input usage, and financial outcomes following variety introduction. Farmers reported an average yield increase of 20% when using drought-resistant maize varieties compared to traditional hybrids. Input costs were reduced by 15%, with savings primarily attributed to lower water usage and reduced fertilizer needs. The policy analysis indicates that the introduction of drought-resistant maize varieties can enhance agricultural productivity, reduce input expenses, and improve environmental sustainability in northern Nigerian farming communities. Policymakers should prioritise targeted extension services for smallholder farmers to facilitate adoption of these new technologies. Funding mechanisms should be established to support research and development of additional drought-tolerant crops.
Investment Climate Framework for Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Mozambique
The investment climate in Mozambique is a critical factor affecting foreign direct investment (FDI). Despite significant natural resources and strategic geographical location, Mozambique has experienced fluctuating levels of FDI over recent years. Theoretical analysis, literature review, expert consultations have been employed to construct this framework. This framework highlights the importance of these factors in creating a conducive environment for FDI and provides actionable recommendations for policymakers. Policymakers are advised to focus on improving regulatory clarity, reducing bureaucratic delays, and enhancing investor protection mechanisms. Additionally, promoting regional economic integration could also attract more foreign investment by fostering trade networks within the region.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Eco-Friendly Packaging Solutions for Small Food Producers in Urban West African Cities
Urban West African cities face significant environmental challenges due to rapid urbanization and industrial development. Small food producers in these areas often lack adequate waste management infrastructure, leading to substantial pollution from improper disposal of packaging materials. A comprehensive survey was conducted among small food producers across four major urban centers in Kenya. The survey collected data using questionnaires that included open-ended questions to gather detailed insights into current packaging practices and preferences for eco-friendly alternatives. Approximately 75% of respondents indicated a preference for biodegradable materials over traditional plastics, highlighting the growing demand for sustainable packaging solutions. The findings suggest that integrating biodegradable packaging into small food production processes could significantly reduce waste and pollution in urban environments. Local governments should provide subsidies or grants to support the adoption of eco-friendly packaging materials by small food producers. Educational programmes on environmental stewardship should also be promoted to increase awareness among producers.
Impact Assessment of School-Based Financial Education on Adolescent Financial Literacy in Tanzania,
This study examines the impact of school-based financial education programmes on adolescent financial literacy in Tanzania. Financial education programmes were evaluated through a mixed-methods approach involving pre- and post-programme assessments for a sample of secondary school students in Tanzania. A significant improvement was observed in students' ability to manage finances, specifically in budgeting and saving strategies after participating in the financial education sessions (p < 0.05). The findings suggest that structured financial education within schools can effectively enhance adolescent financial literacy. Schools should integrate regular financial education into their curriculum to further improve students' financial capabilities.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Solar-Powered Irrigation in Indian States and its Impact on Congolese Farming Communities
Solar-powered irrigation systems have been implemented in various Indian states to enhance agricultural productivity. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from Indian state surveys and qualitative insights from DRC field observations. Solar-powered irrigation systems have demonstrated an average increase of 20% in crop yields across selected Indian states, with notable improvements in water efficiency and cost savings for farmers. The findings suggest that solar-powered irrigation can significantly boost agricultural productivity and economic growth in DRC farming communities when integrated appropriately. Policy makers are encouraged to consider subsidies or grants for the installation of solar-powered irrigation systems, particularly in rural areas where access is limited.
Social Protection Policies and Their Impact on Fishing Cooperatives' Livelihood Stability in Senegal
Social protection policies have become a critical component in addressing vulnerability among fishing communities in Senegal. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from cooperative records with qualitative insights through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. Findings indicate that social protection policies have led to a significant increase in employment stability within fishing cooperatives, with an average of 20% reduction in job losses over the past year. Social protection policies have played a crucial role in supporting livelihoods and enhancing resilience among Senegal's fishing cooperatives. Further policy support should be directed towards strengthening cooperative management structures to ensure long-term financial sustainability. Senegal, Fishing Cooperatives, Social Protection Policies, Employment Stability, Financial Sustainability
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
E-commerce Platforms' Adoption by Togolese Retailers in Capital Cities
E-commerce platforms have become increasingly popular in various markets around the world, offering retailers new opportunities for sales growth and improved customer satisfaction. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews with retailers, as well as data analysis of transaction records from e-commerce platforms used by the surveyed businesses. Retailers reported significant increases in online sales (35%) compared to their brick-and-mortar counterparts, while customer satisfaction scores improved by an average of 20% over two years. The findings suggest that Togolese retailers are increasingly integrating e-commerce into their business strategies, which has led to substantial growth and enhanced customer experiences. Retailers should continue to invest in digital transformation initiatives to stay competitive and improve market penetration. E-commerce platforms must also provide more tailored solutions for small businesses.