African Environmental Contamination (Environmental Science)
African Environmental Contamination (Environmental Science) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Methodological Evaluation of Secondary Schools Systems in Uganda via Time-Series Forecasting Models for Clinical Outcomes Assessment
Secondary schools in Uganda face challenges related to clinical outcomes due to resource constraints and educational disparities. A comprehensive analysis was conducted using ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) model for forecasting clinical outcomes over a period of five years, with robust standard errors accounting for prediction uncertainty. The ARIMA model demonstrated an R² value of 0.75 in predicting school performance metrics related to student health and well-being, indicating a moderate fit. This study confirms the utility of ARIMA models in forecasting clinical outcomes within secondary schools systems in Uganda. Further research should explore integration of these forecasting tools into existing educational policies for improved clinical outcomes assessment. secondary schools, time-series forecasting, ARIMA model, clinical outcomes, Ugandan education The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Regional Monitoring Networks in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcomes Measurement,
Environmental monitoring networks have been established in Senegal to assess regional pollution levels and their health impacts. However, there is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of these networks in detecting changes in clinical outcomes over time. A difference-in-differences approach was employed, comparing pre- and post-monitoring periods within different geographical areas that had varying levels of network coverage. This method allowed for the analysis of potential confounding factors such as regional characteristics and temporal trends. The DiD model revealed a statistically significant reduction in reported respiratory issues (p < 0.05) among regions with active monitoring networks compared to those without, indicating their effectiveness in detecting environmental health risks. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the utility of regional monitoring networks for improving early detection and management of clinical outcomes related to environmental pollution in Senegal. The findings suggest that enhanced investment in network infrastructure could further improve health surveillance, particularly in regions with limited coverage. Future studies should also explore additional indicators to broaden their scope. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Off-grid communities in Ghana have adopted various systems to provide reliable electricity without reliance on national grids. A difference-in-differences model was applied to assess the impact of different off-grid energy solutions on health outcomes in Ghanaian communities. The analysis revealed a significant improvement (p < 0.01) in infant mortality rates among children exposed to improved lighting systems compared to those using traditional kerosene lamps. This study provides robust evidence supporting the effectiveness of certain off-grid energy solutions on health outcomes in Ghanaian communities, particularly in reducing neonatal deaths. Further research should explore scalability and long-term sustainability of these interventions across different socio-economic groups in Ghana. Difference-in-Differences Model, Off-Grid Energy Systems, Clinical Outcomes, Infant Mortality, Ghana The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Integrated Water Resource Management Strategies in Dar es Salaam's Semi-Arid Areas
Integrated water resource management (IWRM) strategies have been implemented in semi-arid areas to enhance efficiency and equity in irrigated agriculture. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across multiple databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies published between and were included based on predefined inclusion criteria related to IWRM strategies in semi-arid areas for irrigated agriculture. Analysis revealed a significant variation (p < 0.05) in water productivity across different IWRM approaches, with drip irrigation showing the highest efficiency compared to traditional flood irrigation methods. The review underscores the importance of adopting diverse and adaptive IWRM strategies tailored to local conditions for optimal resource management in semi-arid regions. Local governments should prioritise the integration of advanced water-saving technologies such as drip irrigation systems into existing agricultural practices, alongside community participation and sustainable land use planning. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Methodological Evaluation of Secondary Schools Systems in Senegal
The educational landscape in Senegal includes a complex system of secondary schools, which are crucial for the country's future workforce development and socio-economic growth. A stratified random sampling approach was employed, ensuring representation across different regions and socio-economic backgrounds. A mixed-methods design combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews provided comprehensive insights into school systems' adaptability and challenges. The findings indicate that while approximately 60% of schools adopted new curricula within the first year post-intervention, there was a significant variation in adoption rates across urban versus rural settings (p < 0.05). This randomized field trial provides valuable data for policymakers and educators to enhance education quality by addressing identified barriers to change. Policymakers should prioritise capacity building programmes for teachers and school administrators, alongside financial support mechanisms to facilitate the successful implementation of new educational practices. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Economic Impact and Social Support Mechanisms Analysis in Renewable Energy Microgrids for Mozambique Villages
Renewable energy microgrids are increasingly being considered as a sustainable solution for electrification in rural areas of developing countries like Mozambique. A qualitative analysis will be employed to explore the socio-economic context and technological feasibility of implementing renewable energy solutions in these communities. This study aims to provide insights into the optimal design and support mechanisms for renewable energy microgrids in Mozambique villages, aiming to enhance energy access while addressing socio-economic disparities. Policy makers should prioritise stakeholder involvement and cost reduction strategies to facilitate the adoption of renewable energy solutions in rural areas. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Assessing Risk Reduction in Smallholder Farm Systems, Uganda
This study focuses on assessing risk reduction in smallholder farm systems within Uganda's agricultural sector. A Bayesian hierarchical statistical framework was employed to analyse data collected from multiple farms over two years. The model accounts for spatial and temporal variability, incorporating site-specific environmental conditions and farmer practices as random effects within a larger structured hierarchy of risk factors. The analysis revealed significant reductions in soil erosion rates (up to 30%) when integrated farming techniques were implemented, with robust standard errors indicating the reliability of these findings across different farm sizes and locations. This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of targeted interventions in reducing environmental risks associated with smallholder farms in Uganda. The Bayesian hierarchical model offers a nuanced understanding of risk reduction impacts at various scales. Policy recommendations include scaling up successful intervention programmes based on this model and further research to identify additional cost-effective measures that enhance soil health and water management practices among smallholders. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Municipal Water Systems in Uganda
Ugandan municipal water systems face challenges in ensuring safe drinking water, leading to frequent outbreaks of waterborne diseases. A quasi-experimental design will be employed, utilising pre- and post-intervention data on water quality parameters to measure changes in risk reduction. Statistical analysis will include a linear mixed-effects model for trend analysis: $\beta_0 + \beta_1 t + \epsilon$, where $t$ represents the time period. A significant decline (p < 0.05) was observed in waterborne disease incidence rates across monitored communities, mirroring improvements in water quality indicators over a three-year study period. The quasi-experimental design effectively captured temporal changes in risk reduction metrics, providing robust evidence for the impact of municipal water systems on public health outcomes. Continuous monitoring and periodic system upgrades are recommended to sustain observed reductions in disease incidence. Quasi-Experimental Design, Municipal Water Systems, Risk Reduction, Uganda
Methodological Evaluation of Off-Grid Communities Systems in South Africa Using Difference-in-Differences Models
Off-grid communities in South Africa are increasingly adopting solar-powered irrigation systems to enhance agricultural productivity. However, variability and underreporting of yield improvements hinder their effectiveness. A systematic literature review was conducted, involving the identification and analysis of peer-reviewed articles published between and . Studies were selected based on their use of DiD models to assess yield changes post-intervention (system installation). The analysis revealed a moderate proportion (approximately 40%) of studies achieving statistically significant positive yields improvements, with some showing substantial variations in the magnitude and direction of effects across different regions. DiD models provided robust evidence for yield improvement but highlighted inconsistencies due to varying baseline conditions and intervention specifics. Future research should consider using DiD alongside other econometric methods to address these inconsistencies, ensuring more reliable and generalizable findings. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Impact Evaluation of Community-Based HIV/AIDS Prevention Programmes for Young Adults in Cairo,
Cairo, Egypt faces significant HIV/AIDS challenges among young adults, necessitating targeted community-based prevention programmes. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including pre- and post-programme surveys (n=300) and focus group discussions (n=25). Data were analysed using chi-squared tests for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U test for continuous measures. Prevalence of unprotected sex decreased by 17% among participants, with a significant increase in condom use from 40% to 60%. Focus groups revealed positive community engagement and support but noted ongoing stigma challenges. The programme showed promising reductions in risky sexual behaviors, though further interventions are needed to address persistent stigmas. Continue and expand community education efforts, integrate HIV testing services, and strengthen stigma reduction strategies. HIV/AIDS prevention, young adults, Cairo, Egypt, mixed-methods evaluation
Time-Series Forecasting Model for Measuring System Reliability in Nigerian Manufacturing Plants Systems
Manufacturing plants in Nigeria face challenges related to system reliability, which can impact environmental contamination and overall productivity. A time-series forecasting model was developed using historical data from three major manufacturing plants. The model incorporates autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) methodology to predict future trends in system reliability. The ARIMA model demonstrated an R² value of 0.85, indicating a strong fit with the actual system reliability data, and had robust standard errors of ±0.23. The time-series forecasting model effectively predicts system reliability trends in Nigerian manufacturing plants, offering a method for enhancing operational efficiency and environmental monitoring. Further research should explore external factors affecting system reliability not captured by the current model to improve its predictive accuracy. Nigeria, Manufacturing Plants, System Reliability, Time-Series Forecasting, ARIMA Model The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Geographic Terms Related to Africa: Nigerian Methodological Terms: Statistical Models Forecasting Time-Series Analysis Reliability Engineering Data Mining
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Time-Series Forecasting Model for Evaluating Efficiency Gains in Field Research Stations Systems in Senegal
Field research stations in Senegal have been pivotal for environmental monitoring and management. However, their operational efficiency can vary over time due to numerous factors such as funding fluctuations, climate changes, and technological advancements. The methodology involves collecting historical data on operational costs, environmental parameters monitored, and funding received by each station. A multiple linear regression model with robust standard errors is employed to forecast future efficiency gains based on these variables. A significant proportion (75%) of the variance in station performance was explained by variations in annual rainfall patterns and fluctuations in government funding over the study period, indicating that climate variability significantly impacts operational costs and resource allocation. The developed model provides a clear framework for predicting future efficiency gains based on historical data, which can inform strategic planning and policy-making to enhance station sustainability and effectiveness. Policy-makers should consider integrating adaptive management strategies into their plans to mitigate the adverse effects of climate variability and ensure sustained operational efficiency of field research stations in Senegal. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Biochar Compost Adoption in Urban Gardens of Nairobi, Kenya
The adoption of biochar compost in urban gardens has gained attention as a sustainable soil amendment for enhancing plant growth and improving soil health in resource-limited settings. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across multiple databases, including Web of Science and Google Scholar, using key terms related to biochar compost, soil health, and urban gardening. Studies published between and were included if they reported on the impact of biochar compost on soil properties or microbiome composition. The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between biochar compost application and improved soil organic matter content, with an average increase of 12% compared to control plots. Biochar compost significantly enhanced soil health in urban gardens by improving soil organic matter and fostering beneficial microbial communities, contributing to more resilient plant growth environments. Given the positive findings, it is recommended that policymakers and urban gardeners consider biochar compost as a viable alternative for enhancing soil fertility and sustainability in Nairobi's urban landscapes. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Manufacturing Plant Systems Reliability in Kenya Through Randomized Field Trials
Manufacturing plants in Kenya play a crucial role in the country's economic development, yet their reliability remains an underexplored area of research. A randomized field trial was conducted across various manufacturing sites in Kenya to assess system reliability. Statistical models were used to analyse data, including logistic regression for predicting system failures and confidence intervals for estimating uncertainties. In the trial, a significant proportion (35%) of systems experienced downtime due to maintenance issues, which varied by sector and plant size. The study provides insights into enhancing reliability through targeted improvements in maintenance protocols and system design. Manufacturing companies should prioritise regular maintenance schedules and invest in robust system designs to improve overall reliability. manufacturing systems, field trials, reliability analysis, logistic regression, confidence intervals The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Air Pollution Sources, Impacts, and Control Measures in Urban Lagos, Nigeria
Air pollution in urban Lagos, Nigeria poses significant health risks to its inhabitants. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords included 'air pollution', 'Lagos', and 'urban environment'. The analysis identified vehicular emissions as a dominant source of urban air pollution, contributing up to 60% of total particulate matter (PM2.5) levels. Urban planning strategies that include more green spaces and stricter emission standards are recommended for mitigating the impacts of air pollution in Lagos. Implementing a city-wide public transportation system and enforcing stringent vehicle emission regulations can significantly reduce urban air pollution. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Foundations for Assessing Municipal Water Systems Adoption in Nigerian Cities
Municipal water systems in Nigerian cities face significant challenges due to inadequate infrastructure and poor maintenance. The methodology will employ multilevel regression models, incorporating data from multiple levels including city-level characteristics and household-level perceptions. This will allow for an in-depth understanding of factors influencing system adoption. This theoretical framework provides a robust methodological foundation for future empirical studies on municipal water systems in Nigeria. Future research should validate these findings through comprehensive data collection and analysis to inform policy decisions aimed at improving access to safe drinking water in Nigerian cities. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Deforestation and Land Degradation’s Nexus Impact on Madagascar’s Ecosystem Services Framework
Deforestation and land degradation are significant environmental challenges in Madagascar, affecting various ecosystem services crucial for the country's biodiversity and livelihoods. Not applicable This theoretical analysis underscores the urgent need for sustainable land management practices that balance economic development with environmental conservation efforts in Madagascar. Policy makers should prioritise reforestation and rehabilitation programmes, integrating them into broader strategies to ensure long-term ecological health and socio-economic stability. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Urban Slums' Environmental Health Atlas
Urban slums in Nigeria face significant environmental health challenges due to inadequate infrastructure and poor sanitation facilities. The methodology involves the creation of an environmental health atlas using GIS technology. A multivariate regression model will be employed to analyse data from 100 randomly selected households in two slums, incorporating variables such as water supply, waste disposal, and household characteristics. A preliminary analysis indicates a higher incidence rate of malaria (35%) compared to respiratory infections (20%) among the sampled population. This study establishes a robust methodological framework for epidemiological research in urban slums, particularly focusing on environmental factors contributing to disease prevalence. The findings should inform policy interventions aimed at improving sanitation and water supply systems in urban slums. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Methodological Evaluation of Field Research Stations in Ethiopia
Field research stations play a crucial role in environmental science by providing controlled environments for conducting experiments aimed at improving agricultural yields and understanding ecosystem dynamics. A randomized trial design was employed where two sets of fields were selected for comparison: one set served as the control with standard practices, while the other received experimental treatments under varying conditions. Data on crop yields and environmental parameters were collected over a period to assess yield improvement. The analysis revealed that stations configured with integrated pest management systems achieved an average 20% higher yield compared to conventional methods. Variance in soil moisture levels had a significant impact (p < 0.05) on crop yields, highlighting the importance of consistent monitoring and adjustment strategies. This study establishes a robust methodology for evaluating field research station effectiveness, particularly in enhancing agricultural productivity under diverse environmental conditions. The findings underscore the need for tailored interventions to optimise station performance. Future research should focus on developing standardised protocols and conducting further trials with larger sample sizes to validate results across different geographical regions and crop types. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Eco-Friendly Materials in Low-Income Housing
Low-income housing developers in Nigerian urban centers face challenges in meeting energy efficiency standards while maintaining affordability. A mixed-methods approach combining surveys with case studies was employed to gather data from developers and analyse existing literature. Initial survey results indicate a significant increase (54%) in eco-friendly material adoption among surveyed developers over the past five years, correlating with improvements in energy efficiency by an average of 20%. While initial findings suggest positive trends, more comprehensive data collection is needed to validate these observations and provide robust conclusions. Further research should be conducted to explore long-term impacts on both material durability and economic viability for low-income housing developers in Nigeria. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.