Five-Year Impact Analysis of Malaria Vector Control Strategies on Public Health Sector Outlays in South Africa's Eastern Cape Province,

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in South Africa's Eastern Cape Province, where vector control strategies have been implemented to reduce disease transmission. A longitudinal study design was employed, analysing changes in health expenditures related to malaria control initiatives using mixed-effects regression models with robust standard errors to account for temporal correlations. There was a notable reduction in healthcare costs associated with malaria cases among the population exposed to LLINs and IRS, indicating an effective long-term strategy. The study confirms that sustained vector control measures are essential for maintaining cost-effective public health outcomes against malaria. Continuation of current vector control programmes is recommended alongside periodic evaluations to ensure optimal resource allocation. Malaria, Vector Control, Public Health Expenditure, Longitudinal Study, South Africa Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.