Methodological Assessment of Multilevel Regression Analysis in Measuring Adoption Rates Among Smallholder Farm Systems in Rwanda

Smallholder farm systems in Rwanda are pivotal for agricultural productivity and rural livelihoods. A multilevel logistic regression model was employed to analyse data from smallholder farms, considering both individual farmer characteristics and contextual factors at the village level. The multilevel model revealed that education levels of farmers had a significant positive impact on adoption rates (OR = 1.30, p < 0.05), indicating that higher educational attainment was associated with greater likelihood of adopting new agricultural technologies. Multilevel regression analysis provided robust insights into the determinants of adoption rates among smallholder farmers in Rwanda. Future research should explore additional contextual factors and adopt more sophisticated multilevel models to enhance explanatory power.