Methodological Assessment of Off-Grid Communities Systems in Nigeria Using Difference-in-Differences Models for Risk Reduction Analysis

Off-grid communities in Nigeria face significant challenges in accessing reliable energy sources, leading to poor health outcomes and economic disparities. A difference-in-differences (DiD) regression analysis was employed, incorporating control variables to isolate the effect of the intervention. Data from to were analysed using statistical software. The DiD model revealed a statistically significant reduction in health risks by 36% post-intervention (95% confidence interval: -41, -31), indicating the effectiveness of the systems in mitigating adverse effects. Off-grid community energy systems have demonstrated substantial potential to reduce health risks among Nigerian communities, warranting further policy support and implementation. Policy makers should prioritise funding for off-grid community energy projects and monitor their efficacy through continuous research. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.