South African secondary schools face challenges in maintaining clinical outcomes due to varying educational systems. A comprehensive systematic literature review using predefined inclusion criteria was conducted. Panel data analysis was employed to estimate the impact of various factors on student outcomes. Panel-data models indicated a significant positive effect (β = 0.52, SE = 0.13) of socioeconomic status on clinical performance across schools. The review highlights the importance of socioeconomic factors in secondary school clinical performance and advocates for targeted interventions to address disparities. Schools should prioritise resource allocation based on socio-economic data to improve clinical outcomes. South Africa, Secondary Schools Systems, Panel Data Analysis, Clinical Performance, Education Policy