Sustainable Sanitation Systems Adoption Among Low-Income Families in Nairobi Slums: A Scoping Review

The adoption of sustainable sanitation systems among low-income families in Nairobi slums remains a significant challenge due to limited access and financial constraints. A systematic search strategy was employed using databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. Studies published between and were included based on predefined inclusion criteria for relevance to sustainable sanitation systems adoption. The review identified a low adoption rate, with only 30% of the surveyed families adopting sustainable sanitation systems, primarily due to financial constraints and lack of awareness about available options. Despite efforts by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and government initiatives, the uptake of sustainable sanitation systems remains inadequate among Nairobi slum residents. Investment in community-based education programmes and targeted subsidies for low-income families are recommended to increase adoption rates. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.