Methodological Evaluation of Municipal Water Systems in Senegal: Panel Data Estimation for System Reliability Assessment,

This review assesses the methodological approaches used to evaluate municipal water systems in Senegal, focusing on reliability assessment. The review employs a systematic approach to evaluate existing methodologies, including econometric models such as the Fixed Effects (FE) model and Random Effects (RE) model. Panel data from four major cities are analysed using Stata software with robust standard errors to account for potential heterogeneity and autocorrelation. Panel analysis revealed significant variability in system reliability across different cities, with a notable proportion of systems operating below the recommended service level (70% or more). This review underscores the need for standardised methodologies and robust data collection to enhance the reliability assessment of municipal water systems in Senegal. Recommendations include developing a common framework for panel data analysis, improving data quality through regular system audits, and integrating stakeholder feedback into the evaluation process. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.