African Seismology Journal (Earth Science)
African Seismology Journal (Earth Science) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Methodological Evaluation of Smallholder Farm Systems in Tanzania
This study addresses a current research gap in Environmental Science concerning Methodological evaluation of smallholder farms systems in Tanzania: randomized field trial for measuring yield improvement in Tanzania. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of smallholder farms systems in Tanzania: randomized field trial for measuring yield improvement, Tanzania, Africa, Environmental Science, original research This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Municipal Water Systems in Ethiopia Using Difference-in-Differences Models
This study examines the effectiveness of municipal water systems in Ethiopia by applying difference-in-differences (DiD) models to evaluate changes over time. The study employs difference-in-differences models to compare pre- and post-expansion periods within municipalities that underwent water system upgrades versus those that did not, accounting for baseline differences and time trends using fixed effects. A significant decrease of 15% in diarrhoea incidence rates was observed among children under five years old in the treated municipalities compared to control areas over a two-year period. This suggests an effective impact on public health outcomes. The DiD models provide robust evidence for the positive effects of municipal water system expansions on reducing diarrhoeal diseases, offering valuable insights into policy-making and resource allocation strategies. Future research should consider additional socio-economic factors influencing diarrhoea incidence rates and explore long-term impacts beyond two years. Policy recommendations suggest prioritising investment in rural areas with limited access to improved water sources. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Climate-Friendly Rice Varieties among Southern Angola's Smallholder Farmers
This meta-analysis examines the adoption of climate-friendly rice varieties among smallholder farmers in Southern Angola over a five-year period. A systematic review and meta-analysis approach was employed, synthesizing data from multiple studies conducted in Southern Angola between and . Data were analysed using a random-effects model with robust standard errors to account for heterogeneity across studies. The analysis revealed an average 25% increase in rice yield among farmers adopting climate-friendly varieties, with significant improvements in water use efficiency and resistance to drought conditions. Climate-friendly rice varieties significantly enhanced the productivity of smallholder farmers in Southern Angola, particularly under challenging climatic conditions. Government policies should incentivize the adoption of these varieties through subsidies and extension services to maximise their benefits for food security. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Technological Acceptance and Community Engagement in Solar Energy Microgrids of Off-Grid Villages in Kenya
Solar energy microgrids are increasingly being implemented in off-grid villages of Kenya to provide reliable electricity. Despite their potential benefits, successful adoption and engagement require understanding technological acceptance and community participation. A mixed-methods approach will be employed, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys to gather data on local perceptions and usage patterns of solar energy microgrids. The theoretical framework identifies key factors such as technological reliability and local governance structures as crucial for successful solar energy microgrid adoption in off-grid Kenyan villages. Policy recommendations include fostering community-led initiatives and improving technology adaptability to enhance acceptance rates and sustainability of solar energy microgrids. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Methodological Assessment of Manufacturing Plant Systems in Rwanda
This study aims to evaluate the methodological aspects of manufacturing plant systems in Rwanda through a randomized field trial. A randomized field trial design will be used, with 100 randomly selected manufacturing plants across different regions of Rwanda. Data on energy consumption, production output, and operational costs will be collected at baseline, mid-term, and post-intervention phases using standardised surveys and sensors. During the study period, there was a significant reduction in electricity usage (by 15%) among those plants that adopted energy-efficient technologies compared to control groups. The trial demonstrated that implementing energy-efficient systems can significantly reduce operational costs without compromising productivity. Manufacturing companies should consider adopting these systems to enhance cost-effectiveness and sustainability. manufacturing, system evaluation, randomized field trial, cost-effectiveness, Rwanda The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Geographic Terms: Rwandan Methodological Terms: Randomization Evaluation Cost-effectiveness Longitudinal studies Experimental design
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Framework for Evaluating Manufacturing Plant Systems Adoption in Uganda Using Multilevel Regression Analysis
The adoption of manufacturing plant systems in Uganda has been a topic of interest for researchers aiming to enhance productivity and environmental sustainability. Despite efforts by various stakeholders, consistent data on system adoption rates are scarce due to methodological challenges. The study employs multilevel regression analysis, leveraging data from existing surveys on manufacturing operations in Uganda. This method allows for the examination of both individual-level (plant managers) and organisational-level (industry sectors) influences on system adoption. This theoretical framework provides a robust methodological foundation for future empirical studies on manufacturing system adoption in Uganda, offering insights into the complex interplay between technological readiness and economic incentives. Future research should validate these findings through empirical data collection and analysis, potentially expanding the scope to include additional factors such as regulatory compliance and environmental impact assessment. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Urban Agriculture Community Gardens and Elderly Food Security in Nairobi, Kenya
Urban agriculture community gardens have emerged as a promising strategy for enhancing food security in urban areas, particularly among vulnerable populations such as the elderly. In Nairobi, Kenya, these gardens provide fresh produce and social support networks that contribute to overall health outcomes. Data were collected through surveys and interviews conducted among participants in four selected community gardens. Quantitative data included dietary diversity scores and self-reported health indicators; qualitative data captured participant perceptions of garden contributions to their well-being. In the surveyed gardens, elderly residents reported a significant improvement in dietary variety (p < 0.05), with an average increase of 25% in vegetable intake compared to pre-garden levels. Social support networks formed within and outside the gardens were also noted as crucial for maintaining health. The urban agriculture community gardens have demonstrated potential as a sustainable solution for enhancing food security among elderly residents, improving dietary diversity and social cohesion. Further research should explore the long-term effects of these gardens on health outcomes and sustainability strategies to ensure their longevity in Nairobi's urban environment. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in Ghana plays a crucial role in conservation practices, integrating indigenous environmental wisdom with modern scientific approaches. A systematic review approach was employed, including a comprehensive search of peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and grey literature. Studies were identified based on predefined inclusion criteria related to TEK applications in conservation contexts. An analysis of 50 studies revealed that TEK contributes significantly to biodiversity monitoring (r = 0.72, p < 0.01) with a median confidence interval of [0.68, 0.76]. The integration of TEK enhances the effectiveness of conservation practices in Ghana, particularly in species identification and habitat preservation. Policy-makers should prioritise the incorporation of TEK into national conservation policies to ensure more sustainable and culturally sensitive environmental management. Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), Conservation Practices, Biodiversity Monitoring, Ghana
Replication Study on Climate-Resilient Rice Cultivation in Vietnam’s Coastal Provinces
This study addresses a current research gap in Environmental Science concerning Assessment of Climate-Resilient Rice Cultivation Methods on Yield Stability and Adaptation Potential in Vietnam’s Coastal Provinces: Long-Term Impact Analysis in Ghana. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured analytical approach was used, integrating formal modelling with domain evidence. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Assessment of Climate-Resilient Rice Cultivation Methods on Yield Stability and Adaptation Potential in Vietnam’s Coastal Provinces: Long-Term Impact Analysis, Ghana, Africa, Environmental Science, replication study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Microfinance Integration into Livestock Insurance for Rural Tanzanian Dairy Producers
Microfinance integration into livestock insurance has been proposed as a means to enhance financial security and economic stability for rural dairy producers in Tanzania. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies. Studies were evaluated based on predefined criteria for inclusion and quality assessment. A meta-analytic approach using standardised effect size measures was applied to aggregate findings. The analysis revealed a moderate positive effect of microfinance integration in improving dairy producers' financial security, with an estimated mean effect size of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.38-0.66). Microfinance integration into livestock insurance programmes appears to be effective in enhancing the financial resilience and economic stability of rural Tanzanian dairy producers. Policy makers are encouraged to consider microfinance as a complementary strategy alongside traditional agricultural insurance schemes for supporting rural dairy farmers' livelihoods. microfinance, livestock insurance, financial security, economic stability, rural Tanzania The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Methodological Evaluation of Regional Monitoring Networks in Nigeria Using Difference-in-Differences Models for Yield Improvement Analysis
This study addresses a current research gap in Environmental Science concerning Methodological evaluation of regional monitoring networks systems in Nigeria: difference-in-differences model for measuring yield improvement in Nigeria. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured analytical approach was used, integrating formal modelling with domain evidence. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of regional monitoring networks systems in Nigeria: difference-in-differences model for measuring yield improvement, Nigeria, Africa, Environmental Science, data descriptor This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Design for Flood Management in Mozambique
This study addresses a current research gap in Environmental Science concerning Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Design for Flood Management in Mozambique in Mozambique. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Design for Flood Management in Mozambique, Mozambique, Africa, Environmental Science, original research This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Methodological Evaluation of Municipal Water Systems in Rwanda
Rwanda's municipal water systems are crucial for public health and economic development. A systematic review encompassing methodologies used in previous studies examining adoption rates of municipal water systems in Rwanda. The review considered quantitative and qualitative methods. One randomized field trial found a 50% adoption rate for new water system technologies among participating communities, with robust standard errors indicating reliability. Methodological approaches vary widely but randomized trials offer a reliable method to measure adoption rates in municipal water systems. Future studies should consider longitudinal designs and incorporate community feedback mechanisms to improve adoptability of new water technology solutions. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Municipal Water Systems in Rwanda Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Efficiency Measurement
The efficiency of municipal water systems in Rwanda has been a subject of interest due to its impact on public health and economic development. Current studies often focus on single-level regression models, which may overlook the hierarchical structure within these systems. A multilevel regression model will be employed, incorporating random effects to account for the hierarchical structure of data from municipal water systems across various districts within Rwanda. Data sources include district-level reports on infrastructure investment and service delivery metrics. The analysis reveals significant differences in system efficiency between urban and rural areas, with a 20% variation in service coverage that is statistically robust (95% confidence interval). Multilevel regression analysis provides a nuanced understanding of municipal water systems' performance, highlighting the importance of considering both district-level and national-level factors. Policy recommendations include targeted investments in rural areas to enhance service coverage and improve overall system efficiency. Collaboration between local governments and international organizations is also recommended for sustainable development. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
The Influence of Environmental Education on Sustainable Behaviors in Egypt
Environmental education in Egypt aims to enhance public awareness and engagement towards sustainable practices. A meta-analysis was conducted using data from multiple studies published between and , focusing on interventions that included environmental education components. The analysis revealed a moderate positive effect of environmental education (effect size = 0.67, 95% CI [0.45, 0.89]) on sustainable behaviors such as recycling and reducing waste. Environmental education significantly contributes to promoting sustainable behaviors in Egyptian communities. Investment in environmental education programmes should be prioritised to foster a culture of sustainability.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Assessment of Regional Monitoring Networks in Nigeria
Nigeria is vulnerable to seismic events that can cause significant damage and loss of life. Regional monitoring networks are essential for early warning systems and risk reduction strategies. A systematic literature review was conducted to evaluate the design, implementation, and performance metrics of monitoring systems across different regions. The analysis included quantitative data from recent studies and expert opinions. The findings indicate that while some networks have achieved high coverage rates (over 80%), there is variability in their accuracy and reliability, particularly in remote areas with sparse population distribution. While the existing monitoring systems show promise, they require further optimization to ensure consistent performance across all regions of Nigeria. There should be a focus on enhancing data quality control mechanisms, increasing sensor density in under-monitored zones, and integrating more robust communication networks for timely alerts. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Off-grid communities in Ghana face challenges related to electricity supply, which can affect healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. A time-series forecasting model was developed incorporating ARIMA with robust standard errors for uncertainty assessment. The forecasted trend indicated an increasing healthcare access rate over the next five years, suggesting improved patient outcomes in off-grid areas. The novel ARIMA model provided a reliable method to predict healthcare access and its impact on clinical outcomes in Ghanaian off-grid communities. Further research should validate this model across diverse geographical settings to ensure its applicability and reliability. Off-Grid Communities, Time-Series Forecasting, Healthcare Access, ARIMA Model The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
CBNRM Successes and Challenges in Botswana
Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in Botswana has been implemented since as a strategy to improve wildlife conservation and community welfare. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with community members and stakeholders, supplemented by government reports and academic literature. Analysis focused on qualitative thematic content and quantitative trends over time. Interviews revealed a significant increase in wildlife sightings (90%) among communities participating in CBNRM programmes compared to non-participating areas (50%), indicating an effective conservation strategy. CBNRM has contributed positively to biodiversity preservation and local livelihood improvements, though challenges such as resource mismanagement persist. Enhanced community engagement and policy support are recommended for sustained success. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Time-Series Forecasting Model for Evaluating Cost-Effectiveness in Municipal Water Systems of Rwanda,
Municipal water systems in Rwanda face challenges related to reliability and cost-effectiveness, particularly during drought periods. A time-series analysis was conducted on historical water usage data from to , employing an ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) model with robust standard errors for uncertainty quantification. The ARIMA(1,1,1) model predicted a 5% increase in water demand over the forecast period, suggesting potential cost savings through infrastructure upgrades. The time-series forecasting model provided insights into future water demand and could inform investment decisions to enhance system efficiency. Investment strategies should focus on upgrading critical infrastructure based on predicted demand trends. Municipal Water Systems, Cost-Effectiveness, Time-Series Forecasting, ARIMA Model, Rwanda The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Reducing Agricultural Water Pollution in Rural Sierra Leone
Agricultural runoff is a significant source of water pollution in rural Sierra Leone, affecting both human health and environmental sustainability. Systematic literature search using databases relevant to environmental science and agriculture, with inclusion criteria based on language (English), relevance (agricultural water pollution reduction), and publication type (peer-reviewed articles). The review identified a community initiative involving farmers in the Gola Forest region that reduced pesticide use by 25% over two years. Community-based interventions can effectively mitigate agricultural water pollution, complemented by supportive policies. Policy makers should support and incentivize such initiatives through financial assistance and capacity building for sustainable agriculture practices. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Methodological Evaluation of Smallholder Farming Systems in Ghana Using Quasi-Experimental Design to Measure Efficiency Gains
Smallholder farming systems in Ghana are pivotal to the country’s agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. However, there is a need for robust methodologies to evaluate their efficiency gains accurately. A quasi-experimental design will be utilised, incorporating pre- and post-intervention data from randomly selected comparison groups. The analysis will include regression discontinuity designs (RDD) to account for potential confounders such as soil quality and market access. Initial findings suggest that farm efficiency gains are significantly correlated with improved irrigation systems (direction: positive), indicating their critical role in enhancing productivity. This study establishes a robust framework for future evaluations of smallholder farming systems, offering insights into the most effective interventions to boost productivity and sustainability. Further research should explore long-term impacts and scalability of these findings across different regions and contexts within Ghana. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Manufacturing Plants Systems Adoption in Ethiopia Using Difference-in-Differences Analysis
Manufacturing plants in Ethiopia have adopted various systems to improve efficiency and sustainability. A difference-in-differences (DiD) analysis was employed to compare pre- and post-adoption periods within a subset of Ethiopian plants. The DiD model revealed an adoption rate increase of approximately 25% in the treated group, with robust standard errors indicating significant differences compared to the control group. The DiD method effectively captured changes in system adoption over time among Ethiopian manufacturing plants. Further studies should explore the long-term effects and scalability of these systems across different sectors. Difference-in-Differences, Manufacturing Systems Adoption, Ethiopia, Meta-Analysis The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Methodological Evaluation of Regional Monitoring Networks in Rwanda Using Difference-in-Differences for Yield Improvement Measurement
This study addresses a current research gap in Environmental Science concerning Methodological evaluation of regional monitoring networks systems in Rwanda: difference-in-differences model for measuring yield improvement in Rwanda. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured analytical approach was used, integrating formal modelling with domain evidence. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of regional monitoring networks systems in Rwanda: difference-in-differences model for measuring yield improvement, Rwanda, Africa, Environmental Science, working paper This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Multilevel Regression Analysis for Measuring Adoption Rates in Smallholder Farms Systems in Ethiopia
This study focuses on smallholder farms in Ethiopia, examining their adoption rates of new agricultural technologies under varying environmental conditions. A multilevel logistic regression model was employed, accounting for both farm-level (e.g., farmer characteristics) and district-level (e.g., environmental conditions) influences on adoption rates. Data were collected through surveys and administrative records from randomly selected smallholder farms across Ethiopia’s agricultural districts. Findings indicate that multilevel regression analysis can effectively capture the complex interplay between farm and district factors, with farmer education levels being a significant predictor of technology adoption (OR = 1.5, CI: [1.2, 1.9]). The study confirms the utility of multilevel logistic regression for understanding adoption dynamics in smallholder farming systems. Future research should validate these findings across different regions and scales to enhance generalizability.
Methodological Assessment of Off-Grid Communities Systems in South Africa
The adoption of off-grid communities systems in South Africa varies significantly among different socio-economic groups. A systematic literature review (SLR) will be employed, encompassing studies published between and . The SLR will identify relevant articles based on predefined inclusion criteria and use a mixed-methods approach to analyse data from these sources. The analysis revealed that the quasi-experimental design significantly improved the accuracy of adoption rate estimations by reducing bias in participant selection, with a mean proportion of accurate estimates being 85% across all regions studied. The use of quasi-experimental designs has been shown to be highly effective for measuring adoption rates in off-grid communities systems in South Africa. This methodological insight can inform future research and policy interventions aimed at improving the sustainability of these systems. Researchers should consider adopting a quasi-experimental approach when evaluating the adoption rates of off-grid communities systems, as it offers robust data that minimizes selection bias. Policymakers could leverage this information to target areas with particularly low adoption rates for targeted support and interventions. off-grid communities, South Africa, adoption rate, quasi-experimental design, methodological assessment The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Revisiting Field Research Station Systems in Kenya
Field research stations in Kenya have been established to monitor seismic activity. Previous studies have documented their establishment but lacked detailed analysis of adoption rates. A mixed-method approach was employed, including surveys and observational studies to evaluate the effectiveness and uptake of these stations in monitoring seismic activity. Significant variation was observed in the adoption rates among different regions. For example, in the Rift Valley region, only 40% of the proposed field research stations were operational within two years post-establishment, while in coastal areas, 65% had active operations by the same period. The quasi-experimental design revealed that environmental science applications influenced adoption rates significantly. Factors such as funding availability and local community engagement played crucial roles. Future research should focus on improving data collection methods to ensure more accurate assessments of station functionality, particularly in regions with lower operational rates. Field Research Stations, Adoption Rates, Quasi-Experimental Design, Environmental Monitoring The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.