Kenya is home to a diverse range of protected areas that play crucial roles in biodiversity conservation. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar and Nature, focusing on recent studies published within the last five years. The analysis revealed that habitat fragmentation (30%) poses a significant challenge to conservation efforts in these areas. Protected areas face multiple threats including climate change impacts and human encroachment, necessitating integrated management strategies. Implementing community-based conservation programmes and enhancing connectivity between fragmented habitats can improve biodiversity outcomes. Kenya, protected areas, biodiversity conservation, habitat fragmentation, climate change The empirical specification follows $Y=\beta_0+\beta^\top X+\varepsilon$, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.