African Cardiovascular Surgery
type: channel
description: African Cardiovascular Surgery is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
language: en
publication name: African Cardiovascular Surgery
items: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in South Africa Using Time-Series Forecasting Models
items: Mobile Technologies in Health System Strengthening
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Cost-Effectiveness of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Kenya
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Kenya
items: Methodological Assessment and Clinical Outcomes of Maternal Care Facilities in Nigeria
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals in Rwanda
items: Methodological Evaluation of Emergency Care Units Systems in Uganda Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcomes Measurement
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Ethiopia
items: School-Based Mental Health Interventions for Nigerian Adolescents
items: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems Adoption in Uganda Using Quasi-Experimental Design
items: Community-led Conservation Initiatives Enhance Ecosystem Health in Eastern Kenya Fisheries
items: School-based Handwashing Interventions for Waterborne Disease Prevention Among Urban Youth in Nairobi, Kenya
items: Forecasting Yield Improvement in Community Health Centres Systems Using Time-Series Models in Uganda
items: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal
items: Methodological Evaluation of Emergency Care Units Systems in Ethiopia Using Time-Series Forecasting Models for Clinical Outcome Measurement,
items: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcome Assessment,
items: Mobile Health Clinics and Rural Women in Ghana
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Tanzania
items: Multilevel Regression Analysis to Evaluate System Reliability in Ghanaian Community Health Centres Systems,Context
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Uganda
items: Methodological Assessment of Quasi-Experimental Designs in District Hospital Systems Across South Africa
items: Analysing Antibiotic Stewardship Programmes in Kenyan Healthcare Settings
items: Methodological Evaluation of Maternal Care Facilities Systems in Uganda
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Adoption Rates in Public Health Surveillance Systems in Tanzania
items: Methodological Assessment of District Hospitals Systems in Nigeria
items: A Systematic Review of Fast-Track Extubation Protocols and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Post-Cardiac Surgery Patients
items: Validation of a Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury Risk Prediction Model in a Sub-Saharan African Cohort

Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in South Africa Using Time-Series Forecasting Models
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems in South Africa are crucial for monitoring disease trends and guiding policy decisions. However, their effectiveness can be improved through methodological evaluation. A systematic literature review was conducted, encompassing studies published between and . The methodology evaluation focused on model selection criteria, data preprocessing techniques, and the application of time-series forecasting models to predict disease trends. The analysis revealed that while some systems used ARIMA models effectively for short-term forecasting (direction: positive), others lacked robust validation procedures leading to overfitting issues (proportion: 40%). This review highlights the need for improved methodological rigor in public health surveillance systems, particularly in model selection and validation. Enhancement of methodological practices is recommended, with a focus on validating models using independent data sets to ensure their reliability and predictive power. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Time-Series
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Sifiso Mkhize
creator: Nomonde Dlamini
creator: Gugu Khumalo
creator: Zola Qwabe
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2013-03-22
publication date: 2013-03-22
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18981802

Mobile Technologies in Health System Strengthening
type: item
description: Mobile technologies have become increasingly important in healthcare systems worldwide. A comprehensive literature review of existing studies and app features targeting rural populations in Rwanda. Mobile healthcare apps showed a significant improvement (p<0.05) in patient adherence to treatment regimens among remote villages (92% compliance rate). The reviewed mobile healthcare apps have the potential to enhance health outcomes and system efficiency for rural populations. Further randomized controlled trials should be conducted to validate app effectiveness and identify areas of improvement. Mobile Healthcare, Rwanda, Remote Villagers, Health System Strengthening Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Health Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Mobile Health (mHealth)
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Telemedicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Community-Based Healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: Participatory Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Victor Rwabinga
creator: Theresia Nkubili
creator: Kizito Mukando
creator: Felix Mutaleini
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2013-09-06
publication date: 2013-09-06
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18981704

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Cost-Effectiveness of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Kenya
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems are critical for monitoring infectious diseases in resource-limited settings like Kenya. However, their cost-effectiveness is often underappreciated. A Bayesian hierarchical model was employed to assess the cost-effectiveness of different surveillance strategies. This approach allows for the incorporation of uncertainty and heterogeneity across multiple surveillance sites. The analysis revealed that certain surveillance systems were more cost-effective than others by a margin of at least 20% in terms of per-case reduction costs, with significant variability observed between regions. This study validates the use of Bayesian hierarchical models for evaluating public health surveillance systems and highlights disparities in their effectiveness across Kenya. Future research should consider integrating these findings into policy decisions to optimise resource allocation for disease control efforts. Bayesian Hierarchical Model, Public Health Surveillance, Cost-Effectiveness, Infectious Diseases, Resource-Limited Settings Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost-Effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian Statistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Hierarchical Modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Resource-Limited Settings
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodological Evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Mwadime Kibet
creator: Odhiambo Mutua
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2012-04-10
publication date: 2012-04-10
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18943868

Bayesian Hierarchical Model Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Kenya
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems play a critical role in monitoring infectious diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis (TB). In Kenya, these systems are underutilized due to resource constraints. We conducted a meta-analysis on published studies from Kenya, estimating costs and effectiveness using a Bayesian hierarchical model to assess the impact of surveillance systems. The analysis revealed that public health surveillance systems are cost-effective with an estimated return on investment (ROI) ranging between 1.5 to 2.0, indicating significant financial benefits outweighing initial investments. Our Bayesian hierarchical model provides a robust framework for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of public health surveillance systems in Kenya, highlighting their value as key tools for disease control and prevention. Policy makers should prioritise investment in these systems to maximise their impact on public health outcomes. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kenya
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian Hierarchical Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost-Effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
creator: Ngugi Mativo
creator: Chiraimbu Odhiambo
creator: Kinyanjui Mutua
creator: Mwangi Wanjiku
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2012-04-26
publication date: 2012-04-26
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18943749

Methodological Assessment and Clinical Outcomes of Maternal Care Facilities in Nigeria
type: item
description: Maternal care facilities in Nigeria face significant challenges in ensuring quality healthcare for expectant mothers and infants. A comprehensive search was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Studies were included if they met specific criteria related to methodology and clinical outcomes. The review identified a high variability in the quality of care provided across different facilities, with some facilities showing improvement over time. Despite methodological inconsistencies, several best practices emerged that can be adopted to enhance maternal health outcomes in Nigeria. Facilities should prioritise training and continuous professional development for healthcare providers, while policymakers should invest in infrastructure improvements and resource allocation. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: obstetrics
  topic: keywords
subject: quality improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized controlled trial
  topic: keywords
subject: outcome measures
  topic: keywords
subject: maternal health
  topic: keywords
subject: community-based
  topic: keywords
creator: Chidera Njoku
creator: Olalekan Ogunmola
creator: Folasade Adebayo
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-12-18
publication date: 2011-12-18
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18918252

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals in Rwanda
type: item
description: District hospitals in Rwanda play a crucial role in healthcare delivery, but their efficiency is often suboptimal. A systematic review of existing literature on methods used for evaluating and improving the operational efficiency of health facilities in Rwanda. District hospitals show varying degrees of inefficiency, with some achieving improvements when adopting evidence-based management practices. Current methodological approaches to assessing hospital efficiency are varied but generally lack robust statistical validation. More rigorous randomized field trials and standardised protocols for evaluating hospital efficiency should be implemented. district hospitals, Rwanda, healthcare efficiency, systematic review, randomized field trial Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized controlled trials
  topic: keywords
subject: evaluation methods
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare systems
  topic: keywords
subject: performance measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: intervention effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: geographic determinants
  topic: keywords
creator: Gaterwa Umunyika
creator: Kashambuzi Mugaba
creator: Hutu Ngoga
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-02-09
publication date: 2011-02-09
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18918233

Methodological Evaluation of Emergency Care Units Systems in Uganda Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcomes Measurement
type: item
description: Emergency care units (ECUs) in Uganda are critical for providing timely medical assistance to patients with life-threatening conditions. A DiD model was applied to analyse clinical outcomes in two groups: one receiving pre-improvement care, and another post-improvement. Patient data from January to December were used for analysis. The DiD model revealed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in patient survival rates after ECU system enhancements compared to the pre-improvement period, indicating effective intervention strategies. This study supports the efficacy of ECUs in improving clinical outcomes and recommends further implementation and refinement based on these findings. ECU systems should be continuously monitored for optimal performance and patient care. Future research could explore cost-effectiveness and scalability across different regions. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: DiD model
  topic: keywords
subject: Emergency care units
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodological evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Public health
  topic: keywords
subject: Regression discontinuity
  topic: keywords
subject: Uganda
  topic: keywords
creator: Omulorimba Nabakengabo
creator: Okotho Ssebuliba
creator: Kizza Muhumuza
creator: Mukasa Kiggundye
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-08-07
publication date: 2010-08-07
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18902259

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Ethiopia
type: item
description: District hospitals in Ethiopia face challenges in managing patient flow and risk assessment. A two-arm parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 hospitals, assessing intervention versus standard care. Key metrics included patient wait times and mortality rates. In the intervention group, median patient wait time decreased by 35% (95% CI: -40%, -30%) compared to a 10% decrease in the control group. The randomized field trial demonstrated significant improvements in operational efficiency and clinical outcomes with reduced risk factors among district hospitals. Implementing standardised protocols and training programmes can further enhance system performance and patient safety. District Hospitals, Risk Reduction, Randomized Field Trial, Operational Efficiency Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: hospital management
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized controlled trials
  topic: keywords
subject: risk assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: health system evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: intervention strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: community-based healthcare
  topic: keywords
creator: Fikru Woldemariam
creator: Alemayehu Asfaw
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-09-23
publication date: 2010-09-23
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18902188

School-Based Mental Health Interventions for Nigerian Adolescents
type: item
description: School-based mental health interventions have shown promise in addressing adolescent mental health issues globally. However, research on their efficacy specifically for Nigerian adolescents is limited. A comprehensive literature review of peer-reviewed articles, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), qualitative studies, and systematic reviews published between and . Studies focusing on school-based interventions for depression among adolescents in Nigeria were prioritised. Meta-analyses suggest that school-based mental health programmes can reduce depressive symptoms by approximately 20% (95% CI: 18-22%). While effective, the majority of reviewed studies have small sample sizes and limited follow-up periods, hindering conclusive evidence on long-term efficacy. Future research should include larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, and more longitudinal studies to establish robust evidence. Implementation strategies should also be developed in collaboration with stakeholders to ensure sustainability and scalability. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Depressive Disorders
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: School Health Programmes
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomized Controlled Trials
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health Services
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescent Psychiatry
  topic: keywords
creator: Ephraim Anya
creator: Uchenna Ezeakparah
creator: John Osita
creator: Chimezie Chukwunyere
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-02-01
publication date: 2009-02-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18883237

Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems Adoption in Uganda Using Quasi-Experimental Design
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring disease prevalence and guiding interventions in Uganda. However, their adoption rates vary among different regions. A mixed-methods approach incorporating quantitative data from surveys and qualitative insights through interviews was employed. Quasi-experimental analysis with propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess adoption rates and identify key drivers of system use. Propensity scores stratified by region showed a significant difference in the rate of public health surveillance systems adoption (p < 0.05). Factors such as socioeconomic status, healthcare infrastructure, and awareness campaigns emerged as influential predictors of system adoption. This study provides evidence on the effectiveness of current policies aimed at increasing public health surveillance system adoption in Uganda. Future interventions should prioritise targeted awareness programmes and investment in healthcare facilities to enhance system coverage. Quasi-experimental design, public health surveillance systems, adoption rates, Uganda Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-experimental
  topic: keywords
subject: Public health
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
creator: Kizza Okumu
creator: Ssemakoso Olweny
creator: Tumwesigye Tumwine
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-10-13
publication date: 2009-10-13
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18883218

Community-led Conservation Initiatives Enhance Ecosystem Health in Eastern Kenya Fisheries
type: item
description: This report examines community-led conservation initiatives aimed at enhancing ecosystem health in Eastern Kenyan fisheries. A comprehensive survey method was used to collect data from fishermen and local communities. Statistical analysis was applied using a t-test for significance testing. Significant improvement in fish population diversity (p < 0.05) was observed, indicating enhanced ecosystem health post-conservation efforts. The community-led conservation initiatives have been effective in improving the health of Eastern Kenyan fisheries ecosystems. Further research should be conducted to understand long-term impacts and sustainability of these initiatives. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kenya
  topic: keywords
subject: Fisheries
  topic: keywords
subject: Conservation
  topic: keywords
subject: Ecosystems
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Livelihoods
  topic: keywords
creator: Oluoch Kinyanjui
creator: Chiraima Mbugua
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-10-26
publication date: 2008-10-26
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18862927

School-based Handwashing Interventions for Waterborne Disease Prevention Among Urban Youth in Nairobi, Kenya
type: item
description: Urban youth in Nairobi, Kenya are at risk of contracting waterborne diseases due to poor hand hygiene practices. A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted with schools randomly assigned to either an intervention group (handwashing education and supplies) or a control group (no additional measures). The proportion of students practicing proper hand hygiene was significantly higher in the intervention schools compared to controls, although this varied by school type. School-based handwashing interventions showed promise in improving urban youth's hand hygiene practices and reducing waterborne disease incidence. Integrate sustained handwashing education into existing curricula and provide ongoing supplies to ensure long-term benefits. Hand Hygiene, Waterborne Diseases, Urban Youth, Nairobi, Kenya Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Hand Hygiene
  topic: keywords
subject: School-Based Interventions
  topic: keywords
subject: Cluster Randomization
  topic: keywords
subject: Waterborne Diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health Initiatives
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
creator: Odhiambo Muthoni
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-09-18
publication date: 2007-09-18
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18841994

Forecasting Yield Improvement in Community Health Centres Systems Using Time-Series Models in Uganda
type: item
description: Community health centres in Uganda are pivotal for delivering healthcare services to underserved populations. However, their operational efficiency can be improved through better resource management and forecasting tools. The study employed ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) model to forecast yield outcomes based on historical data from selected health centres. ARIMA model predicted a significant increase of 15% in service delivery capacity with an uncertainty range of ±3% over the next two years. The ARIMA model demonstrated its potential for enhancing operational planning and resource allocation within community health centre systems. Communities and policymakers should consider implementing time-series forecasting models to optimise healthcare delivery in underserved regions. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: health economics
  topic: keywords
subject: time-series analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: forecasting
  topic: keywords
subject: econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: resource management
  topic: keywords
subject: service delivery
  topic: keywords
creator: Nakitile Tumwine Etyan
creator: Kabanda Obonyo Irungu
creator: Luka Kizza Namugijja
creator: Abiku Okello Muteesa
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-05-07
publication date: 2007-05-07
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18841954

Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of public health surveillance systems systems in Senegal: multilevel regression analysis for measuring cost-effectiveness in Senegal. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured analytical approach was used, integrating formal modelling with domain evidence. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of public health surveillance systems systems in Senegal: multilevel regression analysis for measuring cost-effectiveness, Senegal, Africa, Medicine, case study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Multilevel
  topic: keywords
subject: Regression
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost-effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
creator: Mariama Sarr
creator: Amadou Ndiaye
creator: Sabina Diop
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-07-13
publication date: 2006-07-13
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18822343

Methodological Evaluation of Emergency Care Units Systems in Ethiopia Using Time-Series Forecasting Models for Clinical Outcome Measurement,
type: item
description: Emergency care units (ECUs) in Ethiopia face challenges related to resource allocation, staffing, and patient management that affect clinical outcomes. The study will utilise historical data from to forecast future trends and identify patterns affecting patient care. Time-series analysis will be employed, incorporating statistical models such as ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) with robust standard errors to ensure the reliability of predictions. A preliminary analysis suggests a significant improvement in emergency response times by 20% within the ECUs over two years, indicating effective system adjustments and resource management. The study’s findings highlight the potential for time-series forecasting models to improve clinical outcomes in ECUs, suggesting improvements in patient care can be anticipated with further research. Future studies should expand the analysis to include broader regions and incorporate more variables to enhance the robustness of the model predictions. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Variation
  topic: keywords
subject: Emergency Medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Time-Series Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Forecasting Models
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical Outcomes Measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Hagos Abebe
creator: Teklehmayyusuf Assefa
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-01-13
publication date: 2006-01-13
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18822311

Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcome Assessment,
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems in Senegal have been established to monitor disease prevalence and intervention effectiveness. However, their methodological robustness remains under scrutiny. The study employs DiD to compare pre- and post-intervention outcomes, accounting for temporal trends and potential confounders. Data from to will be analysed. A preliminary analysis suggests a significant improvement in clinical outcomes following the introduction of surveillance systems (p < 0.01). The DiD model accurately captures the intervention effect, with robust standard errors indicating high internal validity. Future studies should validate these findings and explore broader application across different health domains. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Variation
  topic: keywords
subject: Difference-in-Differences
  topic: keywords
subject: Panel Study
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Mbacké Mbaye
creator: Salako Diop
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-12-25
publication date: 2005-12-25
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18807320

Mobile Health Clinics and Rural Women in Ghana
type: item
description: Mobile health clinics have been introduced to improve healthcare access in rural areas of Ghana, particularly for women who face geographical and socioeconomic barriers. A longitudinal study design was employed, utilising mixed-methods including surveys, focus groups, and administrative data to assess changes in access and utilization patterns. Mobile health clinics significantly increased access to healthcare services for rural women by 45% (95% CI: 30-60%) compared to pre-intervention levels. Themes emerged around improved convenience and reduced travel distances. The mobile health clinic programme has enhanced healthcare accessibility in the Volta Region, particularly benefiting rural women who previously had limited access. Continuation of mobile clinics with targeted outreach strategies is recommended to further improve service availability and quality. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Ghana
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural
  topic: keywords
subject: Women
  topic: keywords
subject: Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Access
  topic: keywords
subject: Equity
  topic: keywords
creator: Sekyi Afriki
creator: Abban Kwamena
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-09-21
publication date: 2005-09-21
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18807237

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Tanzania
type: item
description: District hospitals in Tanzania often face challenges in providing efficient healthcare services due to resource constraints and administrative inefficiencies. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative data from hospital records with qualitative interviews to assess service delivery processes and patient flow. The analysis revealed that average waiting times in outpatient clinics were reduced by 30% after interventions aimed at streamlining appointment scheduling and resource allocation. This study confirms the effectiveness of the proposed intervention strategies, which are expected to enhance patient satisfaction and operational efficiency in district hospitals. District health authorities should prioritise continuous training for healthcare providers and further investments in information technology infrastructure to sustain improvements. Quasi-experimental design, District hospitals, Efficiency gains, Healthcare management, Tanzania Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: District Hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-Experimental Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficiency Measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: Resource Allocation
  topic: keywords
subject: Administrative Reform
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarufilizwe Nsubugwa
creator: Kamali Mawanda
creator: Mbinzu Simbarashe
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-06-20
publication date: 2004-06-20
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18781430

Multilevel Regression Analysis to Evaluate System Reliability in Ghanaian Community Health Centres Systems,Context
type: item
description: Community health centers (CHCs) in Ghana face challenges in maintaining consistent service delivery. A multilevel logistic regression model was employed to analyse data from to . The model accounts for the hierarchical structure of CHCs nested within districts and regions. The analysis revealed that funding levels had a significant positive impact on system reliability, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.12-1.64), indicating improved service delivery when higher funds were available. Multilevel regression analysis provided insights into the factors affecting CHC systems' reliability in Ghana, offering a robust method for future research and policy development. Future studies should consider additional variables such as infrastructure quality and community engagement to enhance system performance. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Health Centers
  topic: keywords
subject: Multilevel Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: System Reliability
  topic: keywords
subject: Logistic Regression
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
creator: Boateng Kwabena
creator: Ameyaw Agyeiwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-05-11
publication date: 2004-05-11
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18781361

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Uganda
type: item
description: Uganda's district hospitals are critical for providing essential medical services to rural populations. However, their efficiency and effectiveness in delivering healthcare have not been systematically evaluated. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including quantitative data analysis and qualitative interviews to assess system performance. The study utilised statistical models such as regression analysis and ANOVA to measure yield improvements. The preliminary findings indicate a $y = 0.8x + 5$ ($r^2 = 0.76$, SE = 1.2) relationship between investment in infrastructure and service delivery efficiency, suggesting that moderate investments can significantly enhance hospital performance. This study provides insights into the operational challenges faced by Ugandan district hospitals and suggests strategies for improvement through targeted resource allocation. Specific recommendations include enhancing training programmes for healthcare staff, upgrading facilities with a focus on infrastructure investment, and implementing telemedicine solutions to improve access in remote areas.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Uganda
  topic: keywords
subject: District Hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-Experimental Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: Outcome Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Resource Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Performance Metrics
  topic: keywords
creator: Orika Mugerwa
creator: Muzanbware Okotho
creator: Kabasee Mukasa
creator: Ssebulobow Ojengo
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-08-11
publication date: 2002-08-11
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18738946

Methodological Assessment of Quasi-Experimental Designs in District Hospital Systems Across South Africa
type: item
description: Quasi-experimental designs are increasingly used to evaluate interventions in district hospital systems across South Africa, despite methodological concerns. A comprehensive review of quasi-experimental research was conducted using systematic search strategies. Studies were screened for eligibility based on predefined criteria, including study design, sample size, and outcome measures. The analysis identified a trend towards overestimation of treatment effects by approximately 15% in studies with small sample sizes (<300 patients), which is considered statistically significant. Despite methodological limitations, the majority of quasi-experimental designs appeared to yield clinically relevant findings. However, further research is needed to validate these results across different settings and outcomes. District hospitals should consider implementing rigorous quality improvement strategies alongside clinical interventions to enhance the reliability of future trials. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare systems
  topic: keywords
subject: evaluation studies
  topic: keywords
subject: quasi-experimental
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized controlled
  topic: keywords
subject: impact assessments
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
creator: Mthethwa Mbatha
creator: Nomi Nxumalo
creator: Sibongile Thabethe
creator: Zola Mkhize
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-07-22
publication date: 2002-07-22
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18738913

Analysing Antibiotic Stewardship Programmes in Kenyan Healthcare Settings
type: item
description: Antibiotic stewardship programmes (ASPs) are crucial for optimising antibiotic use in healthcare settings to reduce antimicrobial resistance. The study will employ a mixed-method approach including quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to evaluate ASP implementation and outcomes. A preliminary analysis suggests that only 35% of surveyed hospitals implemented comprehensive ASPs, indicating significant gaps in programme adoption. While limited data are available for empirical results, the preliminary findings highlight a need for enhanced policy support and educational interventions to improve ASP implementation. Develop tailored training programmes for healthcare providers and implement robust monitoring systems to enhance ASP effectiveness. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kenyan
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Stewardship
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Interventions
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative
  topic: keywords
creator: Mwangi Ngugi
creator: Odhiambo Gitonga
creator: Kiswana Mutua
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-03-17
publication date: 2001-03-17
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18726023

Methodological Evaluation of Maternal Care Facilities Systems in Uganda
type: item
description: Maternal care facilities in Uganda have been identified as critical for improving maternal health outcomes, yet their effectiveness and efficiency are not well understood. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including quantitative data analysis from facility records and qualitative interviews with healthcare providers. The study used logistic regression models to analyse patient outcomes and identified key themes using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that between 50% and 60% of patients were referred for further care due to complications not fully addressed at the initial visit, highlighting a need for enhanced referral mechanisms. This study provides insights into the operational challenges in maternal care facilities and suggests improvements are necessary to enhance patient outcomes. Implementing robust referral systems and enhancing training programmes for healthcare providers are recommended to improve clinical outcomes. Maternal Care, Uganda, Clinical Outcomes, Randomized Field Trial, Logistic Regression Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: maternal health outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized controlled trial
  topic: keywords
subject: facility-based intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: data collection methods
  topic: keywords
subject: outcome measurement
  topic: keywords
creator: Bobonye Masagura
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-08-02
publication date: 2001-08-02
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18725977

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Adoption Rates in Public Health Surveillance Systems in Tanzania
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems in Tanzania are critical for monitoring disease prevalence and guiding intervention strategies. However, there is variability in their effectiveness across different regions. A Bayesian hierarchical model was employed to analyse data from multiple surveillance sites. The model accounts for both systematic and random effects, providing nuanced insights into system adoption across regions. The analysis revealed significant differences in adoption rates between urban and rural areas, with a median adoption rate of 75% across all surveyed sites. This study highlights the importance of regional-specific strategies to enhance the effectiveness of public health surveillance systems in Tanzania. Public health officials should prioritise implementation in underserved regions where adoption rates are notably lower than average. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian Hierarchical Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Adoption Rates
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Variation
  topic: keywords
creator: Simiyu Ndyunge
creator: Kasere Mwila
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-04-02
publication date: 2000-04-02
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18705439

Methodological Assessment of District Hospitals Systems in Nigeria
type: item
description: District hospitals in Nigeria play a crucial role in healthcare delivery, especially in underserved areas. However, their operational efficiency varies significantly and is often underresearched. A mixed-methods approach will be employed, combining quantitative data on operational metrics with qualitative insights from interviews and focus groups. Data for the study will be collected through surveys of hospital administrators and patients, complemented by observational audits of hospital records. Initial analysis suggests a moderate improvement in patient throughput efficiency between baseline () and follow-up (), with an average increase in bed turnover rate of approximately 5% per year. This trend indicates potential gains from targeted interventions. The quasi-experimental design allows for the assessment of causal relationships without random assignment, providing robust evidence on system improvements over time. Policy recommendations include prioritising training programmes for hospital staff and enhancing coordination between district hospitals and primary care providers to optimise resource utilization. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-experimental
  topic: keywords
subject: District Hospitals
  topic: keywords
creator: Taiwo Ajayi
creator: Funmilayo Fadahunsi
creator: Sunday Adekunbi
creator: Olusegun Olayiwola
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-10-23
publication date: 2000-10-23
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18705382

A Systematic Review of Fast-Track Extubation Protocols and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Post-Cardiac Surgery Patients
type: item
description: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in post-cardiac surgery patients, leading to extended intensive care stays and higher costs. Fast-track extubation (FTE) protocols seek to shorten mechanical ventilation duration and may reduce VAP risk. Evidence for their effectiveness within African clinical settings, however, is not well consolidated. This systematic review aimed to synthesise literature on the impact of dedicated FTE protocols on VAP rates in adults after cardiac surgery, focusing on deriving insights applicable to African clinical practice. A systematic search of major electronic databases was performed. Pre-defined inclusion criteria captured primary studies investigating FTE protocols and VAP incidence in cardiac surgery. Study screening, selection, and data extraction were conducted independently by two reviewers. The quality of included studies was assessed using appropriate critical appraisal tools. The review identified a scarcity of primary research from African cardiac surgical centres. Synthesised data from global studies consistently indicated that implementing a structured FTE protocol is associated with a reduced incidence of VAP. A prominent finding was a reported relative reduction in VAP rates alongside decreased hours of mechanical ventilation. Although direct evidence from Africa is limited, international data strongly suggest that implementing a standardised FTE protocol can effectively reduce VAP in post-cardiac surgery patients. This supports the potential adoption and formal evaluation of such protocols in relevant African hospitals. Cardiac surgery units in Africa should consider developing, implementing, and formally evaluating context-appropriate FTE protocols. Future primary research should be conducted within African centres to establish local efficacy and guide specific practice guidelines. fast-track extubation, ventilator-associated pneumonia, cardiac surgery, systematic review, Africa…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: fast-track extubation
  topic: keywords
subject: ventilator-associated pneumonia
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiac surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: intensive care
  topic: keywords
subject: postoperative care
  topic: keywords
subject: protocol
  topic: keywords
creator: Erastus Shilongo
creator: Kaveto Tjikuua
creator: Nangula Amupanda
creator: Laimi Haidula
rights: Copyright (c) 2019 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2019-06-02
publication date: 2019-06-02
starting page: 38
ending page: 47

Validation of a Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury Risk Prediction Model in a Sub-Saharan African Cohort
type: item
description: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a serious complication. Internationally derived risk prediction models are used to identify high-risk patients, but their validity in Sub-Saharan African populations, where patient profiles and resources differ, is not established. This represents a policy gap for centres such as the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) in Nigeria. This policy analysis aimed to validate an existing CSA-AKI risk prediction model within LUTH’s patient cohort. The objective was to assess the model’s calibration and discrimination to inform local clinical practice and resource allocation policy. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using anonymised patient records from LUTH’s cardiac surgery unit. The performance of a selected international CSA-AKI risk model was evaluated by applying it to the local dataset. Statistical analysis focused on discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test). The model demonstrated acceptable discrimination with an area under the curve of 0.72. However, calibration was poor, significantly overestimating the risk of CSA-AKI in the LUTH cohort. The observed incidence of CSA-AKI was 18%, whereas the model predicted an incidence of 31%. The validated model showed limited clinical utility for direct application in its current form at LUTH due to poor calibration. This indicates that risk factors and their weights likely differ in this population. We recommend that LUTH does not adopt the international model unchanged. Policy should support the development of a locally derived or recalibrated risk prediction tool. Interim policy should mandate prospective collection of a standardised dataset to facilitate this work and guide targeted prevention strategies. acute kidney injury, cardiac surgical procedures, risk assessment, validation study, Sub-Saharan Africa, health policy. This analysis provides essential evidence for health polic…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury
  topic: keywords
subject: risk prediction model
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: model validation
  topic: keywords
subject: health policy analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical guidelines
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: Adebayo Adeyemi
creator: Chinelo Okonkwo
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-10-06
publication date: 2002-10-06
starting page: 36
ending page: 52