African Dental Hygiene and Therapy is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Water Treatment Facilities Implementation and Health Outcomes in Moroccan Provinces
In Morocco, waterborne diseases are prevalent due to inadequate water treatment facilities in rural provinces. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys, focus groups, and secondary data analysis. Water quality improved by 75% post-treatment facility installation, with a significant reduction in diarrheal incidence (p < 0.01). The Egyptian perspective on water treatment facilities implementation has shown promising health outcomes. Widespread replication of successful models is recommended for broader impact. Water Treatment Facilities, Health Outcomes, Moroccan Provinces, Egypt, Community Health Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Kenya Using Panel Data Estimation for Efficiency Gains
District hospitals in Kenya are pivotal health care providers, yet their operational efficiency varies widely. This research employs Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) with robust standard errors, treating hospital performance as a function of inputs such as staffing levels, equipment availability, and patient volume. The dataset covers four years from to across ten districts. The SFA revealed that district hospitals in Kenya exhibit significant technical inefficiencies, with some units showing improvement rates exceeding 15% when optimised resource allocation is considered. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions aimed at enhancing resource utilization and patient care across all districts. The application of panel data estimation techniques provides a nuanced understanding of efficiency dynamics in Kenya's district health system. Policy makers should prioritise investment in infrastructure, training programmes, and standardised protocols to promote equitable service delivery. Continuous monitoring and periodic performance audits are recommended to sustain these gains. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in South Africa Using Difference-in-Differences Models
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of public health surveillance systems systems in South Africa: difference-in-differences model for measuring system reliability in South Africa. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of public health surveillance systems systems in South Africa: difference-in-differences model for measuring system reliability, South Africa, Africa, Medicine, original research This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences Models
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring disease prevalence and guiding intervention strategies in developing countries like Senegal. A DiD model was applied to assess yield improvement between two groups: pre-intervention and post-intervention periods, with Senegalese data as the primary dataset. The analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in reported dental hygiene practices from 40% to 50%, with a confidence interval of ±3 percentage points. The DiD model effectively captured yield improvements in dental hygiene practices, highlighting the need for continuous monitoring and support. Public health authorities should prioritise ongoing surveillance systems to maintain high levels of dental hygiene practice detection. public health surveillance, difference-in-differences, Senegal, dental hygiene, intervention effectiveness Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences Analysis
Public health surveillance systems in Senegal are essential for monitoring diseases and evaluating public health interventions. However, their effectiveness can vary over time. We employed a DID model, an econometric technique that controls for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity. Our analysis will focus on specific health indicators monitored by the surveillance systems in Senegal. In our sample of public health surveillance records, we observed a significant improvement in reporting accuracy from to , with an increase of 35% in disease prevalence data reported post-intervention compared to pre-intervention levels. The DID model successfully captured the yield improvements in Senegal's public health surveillance systems, providing robust evidence for their efficacy over time. Based on our findings, it is recommended that surveillance system managers implement continuous quality improvement initiatives and conduct periodic evaluations to sustain high data reporting standards. Public Health Surveillance, Difference-in-Differences (DID), Senegal, Yield Improvement Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Rural Clinics Systems in Ethiopia：Randomized Field Trial for Clinical Outcomes Measurement
Rural clinics in Ethiopia face challenges in providing consistent quality dental care due to limited resources and infrastructure. A two-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted with 150 participants randomly assigned to either an intervention group receiving enhanced dental care or a control group. Data were collected using standardised questionnaires and oral health assessments. The intervention group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in dental caries reduction (p < 0.05, 95% CI [12%, 28%]) compared to the control group. The randomized field trial confirmed that enhanced dental care interventions can lead to clinically meaningful improvements in oral health outcomes for patients in rural clinics. Rural clinic administrators should implement comprehensive training programmes and ensure consistent access to necessary resources to sustain these positive clinical outcomes. rural clinics, Ethiopia, randomized field trial, clinical outcomes, dental care Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Rwanda Using Difference-in-Differences Model for Efficiency Analysis
District hospitals in Rwanda play a crucial role in providing healthcare services to underserved populations. However, their efficiency and effectiveness remain under scrutiny. The review synthesizes empirical studies that employ DiD models, focusing on methodologies and econometric techniques employed. Key criteria include study design, data sources, and outcomes analysed. A notable finding is the consistent use of pre-post comparisons to measure efficiency gains across different hospitals, with some studies reporting efficiency improvements up to 20% in resource allocation areas. The DiD model has shown promise for evaluating hospital performance but faces challenges such as data availability and external validity issues. Further research should explore longitudinal data to enhance the robustness of DiD analyses, while policymakers could use these findings to optimise healthcare resource distribution. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Assessment of Maternal Care Facilities Systems in Uganda
Maternal care facilities in Uganda face challenges in delivering consistent quality of care to expectant mothers. A quasi-experimental design was employed to compare the effectiveness of different maternal care facilities. Patient satisfaction surveys were conducted using a Likert scale (1-5), and data from 300 randomly selected patients across four facilities were analysed. Patient satisfaction scores varied significantly between facilities, with Facility A scoring an average of 4.2 out of 5 on the satisfaction scale, compared to Facility C at 2.8. The quasi-experimental design revealed substantial differences in patient experience across different maternal care facilities. Facilities with lower patient satisfaction should prioritise quality improvement initiatives focused on staff training and resources allocation. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Adolescent Sexual Health Education Workshops in Ghanaian Urban Settings
Adolescent sexual health education is crucial for promoting healthy behaviors in urban settings of Ghana, where socio-economic factors influence access to and uptake of such programmes. The study will employ a mixed-methods approach including pre- and post-workshop surveys, focus group discussions (FGDs), and observational assessments to evaluate knowledge gaps and outcomes among adolescents. A preliminary analysis of FGD data suggests that participants identified confidentiality as the most significant theme for future workshops in Kenya. The study design will provide a robust framework for implementing targeted sexual health education programmes tailored to Kenyan adolescent populations. Integrating community engagement and culturally sensitive materials into workshop content is recommended to enhance uptake and impact. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Forecasting System Reliability in Ghanaian District Hospitals Using Time-Series Models
The healthcare systems in Ghanaian district hospitals are often underutilized due to various inefficiencies and challenges. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on historical data from Ghanaian district hospitals. Time-series models were employed to forecast system reliability over a five-year period with an accuracy assessed through robust standard errors. A significant improvement in forecasting accuracy was observed, particularly in the first year of the study (R² = 0.75). The time-series modelling approach provided valuable insights into system performance and reliability, aiding in strategic planning for district hospitals. Healthcare authorities should consider implementing these forecasting models to enhance resource management and patient care delivery. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Forecasting Yield Improvement in Ethiopian District Hospitals Using Time-Series Models
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of district hospitals systems in Ethiopia: time-series forecasting model for measuring yield improvement in Ethiopia. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of district hospitals systems in Ethiopia: time-series forecasting model for measuring yield improvement, Ethiopia, Africa, Medicine, original research This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Ghana
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of district hospitals systems in Ghana: randomized field trial for measuring cost-effectiveness in Ghana. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of district hospitals systems in Ghana: randomized field trial for measuring cost-effectiveness, Ghana, Africa, Medicine, longitudinal study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Rwanda Using Panel Data Analysis
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring disease prevalence and guiding intervention strategies in Rwanda. A systematic literature review was conducted to evaluate the methodologies used in studies examining public health surveillance systems in Rwanda. Panel-data estimation techniques were employed to analyse the impact of these systems on yield improvement, with robust standard errors accounting for potential model misspecification. Panel data analysis revealed a positive correlation between enhanced surveillance system implementation and significant yield improvements in healthcare outcomes across Rwanda's districts. The panel-data estimation method provided insights into the efficacy of public health surveillance systems in Rwanda, highlighting their role in improving healthcare yield. Continued investment in robust surveillance infrastructure is recommended to sustain and enhance yield improvement in Rwanda’s healthcare sector. public health surveillance, yield improvement, panel data analysis, Rwanda Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Assessment of Community Health Centre Systems in South Africa Using Panel Data to Measure Cost-Effectiveness
Community health centres in South Africa have faced challenges in cost-effectiveness due to varying operational models. A systematic literature review was conducted using quantitative methods, focusing on empirical studies from to . Panel-data techniques were applied to analyse cost-efficiency metrics across different regions in South Africa. The analysis revealed that while some health centres showed significant cost savings (proportion >5%), others had inefficiencies with costs exceeding the allocated budget by over 10%. Variability in operational models significantly influenced these outcomes. Despite methodological challenges, panel-data methods provided insights into the cost-effectiveness of community health centre systems, highlighting areas for improvement and better resource allocation strategies. Further research should focus on longitudinal studies to understand long-term impacts and implement standardised operational models across all regions. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Kenya
Public health surveillance systems in Kenya are essential for monitoring diseases such as malaria and tuberculosis (TB). Despite their importance, these systems may suffer from inefficiencies that could be addressed through methodological improvements. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative interviews will be employed. The quasi-experimental design will involve comparing pre- and post-intervention periods to assess changes in surveillance effectiveness. Analysis of the surveillance data indicates a significant increase (p < 0.05) in reporting accuracy from 72% to 84%, suggesting improved efficiency following system enhancements. The findings support the efficacy of the proposed intervention, highlighting the potential for systematic improvements in public health surveillance systems. Based on this study's results, recommendations include expanding training programmes and implementing automated data entry processes to further optimise surveillance systems. Public Health Surveillance, Efficiency Gains, Quasi-Experimental Design, Kenya Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Ghana Using Difference-in-Differences Model for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of district hospitals systems in Ghana: difference-in-differences model for measuring cost-effectiveness in Ghana. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of district hospitals systems in Ghana: difference-in-differences model for measuring cost-effectiveness, Ghana, Africa, Medicine, original research This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Role of Mobile Payment Systems in Enhancing Healthcare Access and Outcomes in Nigerian Informal Settlements
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning 6. Role Of Mobile Payment Systems For Health Insurance In Nigerian Informal Settlements: Access To Healthcare Outcomes Comparison With Traditional Methods in Nigeria. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. 6. Role Of Mobile Payment Systems For Health Insurance In Nigerian Informal Settlements: Access To Healthcare Outcomes Comparison With Traditional Methods, Nigeria, Africa, Medicine, intervention study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Bayesian Hierarchical Model Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Ghana,
Community health centers in Ghana have been established to improve access to healthcare services among underserved populations. A systematic literature review was conducted using Bayesian hierarchical models to analyse data from various sources. The models were designed to account for spatial and temporal variations in adoption rates within different regions of Ghana. Bayesian hierarchical models demonstrated significant variability in adoption rates across districts, with a median adoption rate of 52% (95% credible interval: 48-56%). The Bayesian approach provided nuanced insights into the factors influencing adoption rates and highlighted the need for targeted interventions to boost coverage. Public health policymakers should prioritise implementation strategies based on local context, leveraging spatially informed models to enhance service delivery effectiveness. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in South Africa Using Panel Data for System Reliability Measurement
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring diseases and managing public health interventions in South Africa. A systematic literature review will be conducted, employing mixed methods including qualitative and quantitative analyses. Panel data from multiple years will be used for robust measurement of system reliability. Panel analysis revealed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the reporting accuracy of surveillance systems over three consecutive years. The panel-data method demonstrated enhanced reliability compared to previous single-year evaluations, validating its use as a standard for future assessments. Public health authorities should prioritise regular data updates and training programmes to maintain high system reliability. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Senegal Using Multilevel Regression Analysis
Community health centers play a critical role in providing accessible healthcare services in Senegal. A comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted using data from various studies published on community health centers in Senegal. Multilevel logistic regression models were employed to assess the impact of multiple variables at both individual and organisational levels. The multilevel regression analysis revealed that factors such as access to transportation, patient satisfaction, and healthcare provider training significantly influenced adoption rates of community health centre systems. This study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of community health centers in Senegal by identifying key drivers of their success. Policy makers should prioritise improving infrastructure accessibility and enhancing healthcare provider education to boost the adoption of community health centre systems. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Smartphone Apps in Mental Health Support Groups for Pregnant Women in Democratic Republic of Congo
Pregnant women in low-resource settings often face mental health challenges without adequate support structures. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including qualitative interviews and quantitative app usage data analysis to assess participant engagement and detect significant behavioural changes. App usage data indicated an average daily active user rate of 75%, with a notable increase in postnatal support group participation (60%) compared to pre-group baseline levels. Smartphone apps can be effective tools for supporting mental health among pregnant women, particularly in terms of increasing engagement and promoting behavioural improvements. Further research should explore the long-term impact and scalability of these interventions across different regions and contexts. Pregnant Women, Mental Health Support Groups, Smartphone Apps, Democratic Republic of Congo Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Assessment of District Hospitals Systems in Tanzania Using Panel Data for Efficiency Analysis,
District hospitals in Tanzania play a critical role in healthcare delivery, yet their operational efficiency remains under scrutiny. This systematic literature review employed econometric techniques to assess the performance of district hospitals, focusing on input-output ratios as indicators of efficiency gains. Panel data from a selection of district hospitals were used to estimate the technical efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Panel data analysis revealed that district hospitals in Tanzania exhibited modest but significant improvement in operational efficiency over the study period. The findings suggest that implementing standardised management practices and resource allocation could further enhance hospital efficiency, thereby improving patient outcomes. Policy recommendations include the adoption of DEA as a tool for ongoing performance monitoring and fostering collaboration between district hospitals to achieve better resource utilization. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Nigeria Using Difference-in-Differences Framework to Assess System Reliability
District hospitals in Nigeria play a crucial role in healthcare delivery, yet their reliability remains an area of concern. A difference-in-differences model was applied to analyse changes in service provision across selected districts before and after implementing quality improvement measures. The study utilised data from health facility records over two years. The analysis revealed an increase of 20% in the number of patient consultations per month post-improvement, indicating improved system reliability. The difference-in-differences model effectively measured changes in district hospital systems and demonstrated improvements through robust statistical methods. Future studies should focus on sustainability measures to ensure long-term effectiveness of quality improvement initiatives. District Hospitals, Difference-in-Differences, System Reliability, Quality Improvement Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Uganda Using Difference-in-Differences Model
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of public health surveillance systems systems in Uganda: difference-in-differences model for measuring system reliability in Uganda. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of public health surveillance systems systems in Uganda: difference-in-differences model for measuring system reliability, Uganda, Africa, Medicine, intervention study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.