Cost-Effectiveness Assessment of District Hospitals in Ethiopia Using Panel Data Analysis

District hospitals in Ethiopia have been identified as crucial healthcare providers but their operational efficiency is often questioned. A mixed-method approach incorporating both quantitative (panel-data econometric models) and qualitative methods was employed to assess system performance in Ethiopia's healthcare landscape. Panel data analyses revealed significant variations in cost-effectiveness across different hospitals, with some achieving efficiencies exceeding $2:1$ (confidence interval: $[1.5-3.0]$). The study underscores the need for targeted interventions to enhance resource allocation and improve service delivery within district hospital systems. District health authorities should prioritise investments in preventive care programmes, training of healthcare staff, and infrastructure improvements based on findings from this research. Panel Data Analysis; District Hospitals; Cost-Effectiveness; Ethiopia