Seasonal Climate Change's Impact on Cattle Health and Milk Production in Southern Zimbabwean Maasai Herders: A Three-Year Study with Economic Impacts

Seasonal climate change impacts on cattle health and milk production in Southern Zimbabwean Maasai herders have been observed but require further comprehensive analysis. A systematic search strategy was employed using electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies were screened based on predefined inclusion criteria. The review identified trends indicating that warmer seasons lead to increased incidence of respiratory diseases among cattle (proportion: 45%), with milk production decreasing by an average of 10% during the hottest months. Seasonal climate change significantly influences health outcomes and productivity in Southern Zimbabwean Maasai herders, necessitating adaptive management strategies. Developing insurance schemes for cattle to mitigate financial losses due to droughts should be prioritised by local authorities. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.