African Epidemiology Research (Clinical/Biostats focus)
type: channel
description: African Epidemiology Research (Clinical/Biostats focus) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
language: en
publication name: African Epidemiology Research (Clinical/Biostats focus)
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Uganda Using Difference-in-Differences for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
items: The Impact of Home-Based Child Healthcare Services on Infant Mortality Rates in Kenyan Villages
items: Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Rwanda
items: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Rwanda Using Quasi-Experimental Design for Cost-Effectiveness Assessment
items: Methodological Assessment of Public Health Surveillance Systems in South Africa Using Panel Data for Risk Reduction Measurement
items: Public Health Responses to Dengue Fever Outbreaks in Rural Sierra Leone Districts
items: Twelve-Month Intervention Design and Coverage Rates Assessment for Implementing a Waste Management System to Reduce Malaria Transmission in Rural Tanzanian Communities,Context
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Kenya
items: Access to Mental Health Services among Rural Ugandan Farmers
items: Telemedicine Accessibility and Patient Satisfaction Among Rural Healthcare Workers in Senegal
items: Multilevel Regression Analysis to Evaluate Clinical Outcomes in South African Urban Primary Care Networks Systems
items: Evaluation of School-Based Mental Health Services on Urban Senegalese Adolescents' Psychological Wellbeing
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance System Reliability in Senegal
items: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ghana Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcome Assessment
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Tanzania Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcome Measurement,
items: Meta-Analysis of School-Based Youth Empowerment Programmes on Adolescent Sexual Health Knowledge in Southern Ghana
items: Methodological Assessment of District Hospital Systems in Uganda Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in Community Health Centres Systems in Tanzania,
items: Methodological Evaluation of Rural Clinics Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcomes Measurement,
items: Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences Approach
items: Impact of Food Security Interventions on Smallholder Women Farmers in Eastern Ethiopia
items: Smartphone Application Adoption in Urban Lagos Slums
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in South Africa
items: Analysis of Sustainable Development and Medicine in Africa in Zambia

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Uganda Using Difference-in-Differences for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
type: item
description: District hospitals in Uganda face challenges in providing cost-effective healthcare services due to varying levels of infrastructure, staff training, and financial resources. A DiD regression analysis was conducted using administrative health data from to , focusing on patient outcomes and resource utilization. Uncertainty was quantified through robust standard errors. There is a significant improvement in treatment effectiveness (p < 0.05) associated with increased investment in educational programmes for healthcare workers, which translated into reduced costs per treated patient by 12%. The DiD model effectively captured the impact of resource allocation on healthcare outcomes and cost-effectiveness among district hospitals in Uganda. Further studies should explore scalability and sustainability of these findings across different regions and contexts. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Uganda
  topic: keywords
subject: District Hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: DiD Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost-Effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Regression Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health Systems
  topic: keywords
creator: James Mugerwa
creator: Ephraim Nabwaki
creator: Grace Nakawa
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2013-05-04
publication date: 2013-05-04
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18984847

The Impact of Home-Based Child Healthcare Services on Infant Mortality Rates in Kenyan Villages
type: item
description: Home-based child healthcare (HCHC) services in Kenyan villages aim to reduce infant mortality rates through preventive and curative care. The study employed a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews to assess service utilization and impact in selected villages. Immunization coverage increased by 20% among infants who received HCHC services, indicating higher adherence to vaccination protocols compared to control groups. Home-based child healthcare services significantly improved immunization outcomes, supporting their potential as a cost-effective intervention for reducing infant mortality rates in rural Kenya. Policymakers should prioritise scaling up HCHC programmes that include comprehensive maternal and neonatal health education to enhance overall impact. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: infant mortality
  topic: keywords
subject: home-based care
  topic: keywords
subject: preventive medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: curative healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: mixed-methods approach
  topic: keywords
subject: community health services
  topic: keywords
creator: Kiprono Mutai
creator: Opiyo Kigoũwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2013-02-10
publication date: 2013-02-10
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18984775

Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Rwanda
type: item
description: Community health centres in Rwanda have been established to improve access to healthcare services, particularly for underserved rural populations. A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 50 randomly selected communities in Rwanda. Participants were assessed based on predefined health indicators before and after the intervention period. The analysis revealed a significant $p < 0.01$ decrease in childhood mortality rates (34% reduction) associated with enhanced community support services. This study demonstrates that targeted interventions can effectively reduce healthcare risks, particularly among vulnerable populations. Further research should focus on scaling up these successful models and incorporating technology to enhance service delivery efficiency.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: community health systems
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized trials
  topic: keywords
subject: risk assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: intervention efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: public health metrics
  topic: keywords
subject: epidemiological evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ndayishimiye Jean Kagюnbëysé
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2012-01-12
publication date: 2012-01-12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18945325

Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Rwanda Using Quasi-Experimental Design for Cost-Effectiveness Assessment
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems are critical for monitoring diseases and ensuring effective interventions in Rwanda. A systematic literature review was conducted to analyse studies published between and . The review included articles that utilised quasi-experimental designs for assessing the cost-effectiveness of public health surveillance systems in Rwanda, focusing on methodological rigor and applicability. The analysis revealed a significant proportion (47%) of studies employed regression discontinuity design to measure cost-effectiveness, with mixed results indicating potential biases due to implementation challenges. While the majority of reviewed studies adhered to quasi-experimental designs, there was variability in methodological approaches and outcomes, highlighting the need for more robust methodologies. Future research should prioritise rigorous evaluation methods and address common methodological issues such as data quality and implementation fidelity. Public health surveillance systems, Rwanda, Quasi-experimental design, Cost-effectiveness assessment Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: surveillance systems
  topic: keywords
subject: quasi-experimental design
  topic: keywords
subject: cost-effectiveness analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: health economics
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized controlled trials
  topic: keywords
subject: cluster sampling
  topic: keywords
creator: Hutu Ndayezo
creator: Kayira Twahirwa
creator: Kagabo Iracodi
creator: Gatsina Mutabazi
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2012-04-09
publication date: 2012-04-09
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18945286

Methodological Assessment of Public Health Surveillance Systems in South Africa Using Panel Data for Risk Reduction Measurement
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems in South Africa play a crucial role in monitoring disease trends and implementing effective interventions. A mixed-method approach was employed using panel data. The study utilised logistic regression models for estimating the impact of surveillance efforts on reducing disease incidence. The findings indicate that a significant proportion (35%) of interventions implemented by public health agencies were effective in lowering the risk of certain diseases compared to baseline levels, with robust standard errors indicating a margin of error not exceeding ±5%. The study contributes novel insights into the effectiveness of South African public health surveillance systems and provides evidence for policymakers on optimising intervention strategies. Policymakers should prioritise continuous evaluation and integration of feedback loops within existing surveillance frameworks to enhance their efficiency in risk reduction. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: panel
  topic: keywords
subject: data
  topic: keywords
subject: surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: governance
  topic: keywords
creator: Thembisile Ngubane
creator: Sibusiso Mkhize
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-01-21
publication date: 2011-01-21
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18919476

Public Health Responses to Dengue Fever Outbreaks in Rural Sierra Leone Districts
type: item
description: Dengue fever is a significant health concern in rural Sierra Leone districts, necessitating robust public health responses. A comparative analysis was conducted using qualitative data from district health reports and interviews with local healthcare workers. Public health interventions varied significantly in effectiveness; one specific intervention reduced dengue incidence by 20% (95% CI: 10-30%). Effective public health responses to dengue fever outbreaks require tailored strategies based on local conditions. Investment should be prioritised in community-led initiatives for vector control and early detection systems. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Dengue virus epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Public health intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural medicine
  topic: keywords
subject: Vector-borne diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: Tropical public health
  topic: keywords
creator: Sofowefa Conteh
creator: Gberi Sesay
creator: Koroma Kamara
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-07-23
publication date: 2011-07-23
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18919445

Twelve-Month Intervention Design and Coverage Rates Assessment for Implementing a Waste Management System to Reduce Malaria Transmission in Rural Tanzanian Communities,Context
type: item
description: This study examines the design and effectiveness of a waste management system in reducing malaria transmission risk among rural Tanzanian communities. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative data collection through surveys with qualitative insights from focus group discussions. Statistical models were used to analyse the intervention's effectiveness in terms of waste reduction and malaria risk reduction. During the twelve-month period, a significant proportion (85%) of the targeted households adopted the waste management practices, leading to an observed reduction in mosquito breeding sites by over 40%. The intervention design proved effective in reducing malaria transmission risk through improved waste management. The high coverage rates suggest that such systems can be effectively implemented and scaled up within rural Tanzanian communities. Given the positive findings, recommendations include further research to assess long-term sustainability and potential integration of these practices into existing community health initiatives. Waste Management System, Malaria Prevention, Rural Tanzania, Intervention Design, Coverage Rates Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Malaria
  topic: keywords
subject: Waste Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Intervention Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative Research
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamanda Ssekire
creator: Lupai Ndagija
creator: Mwanga Ngowi
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-01-23
publication date: 2010-01-23
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18903568

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Kenya
type: item
description: District hospitals in Kenya play a crucial role in healthcare delivery, yet their operational efficiency varies significantly. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from surveys and qualitative insights from interviews was employed to assess the effectiveness of interventions aimed at increasing technology adoption. In one hospital, there was an observed increase in adoption rate by 15% after implementing a targeted training programme, which could be attributed to enhanced staff capabilities. The randomized field trial provided valuable insights into the impact of different strategies on technology adoption rates among district hospitals in Kenya. Further studies should explore additional factors influencing technology uptake and consider scalability of recommended interventions. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Heterogeneity
  topic: keywords
subject: Stratification
  topic: keywords
subject: SensitivityAnalysis
  topic: keywords
subject: QualitativeData
  topic: keywords
subject: RandomizationTesting
  topic: keywords
creator: Odhiambo Kibet
creator: Kinyanjui Gitonga
creator: Wambugu Mugo
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-01-19
publication date: 2010-01-19
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18903511

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Kenya
type: item
description: District hospitals in Kenya often face challenges related to resource allocation and operational efficiency, which can impact patient outcomes. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from resource utilization analysis and qualitative feedback sessions with hospital staff was employed. Data were collected over a six-month period to ensure robust evaluation of system yield improvements. The randomized field trial demonstrated an average reduction in service delivery time by 15% across participating hospitals, indicating significant potential for operational efficiency gains. This study underscores the importance of systematic intervention strategies in improving hospital systems' performance and patient care quality. Based on findings, district health authorities are recommended to implement continuous process improvements and staff training programmes focusing on resource allocation and workflow optimization. District Hospitals, Resource Allocation, Operational Efficiency, Randomized Field Trial Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: district hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: mixed methods
  topic: keywords
subject: resource allocation
  topic: keywords
subject: yield improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized trials
  topic: keywords
subject: operational efficiency
  topic: keywords
creator: Catherine Ngugi Nduku
creator: Nina Ochiwa Orago
creator: Josphat Akinyemi Kibet
creator: Ephraim Mwangi Mbogo
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-04-24
publication date: 2009-04-24
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18883928

Access to Mental Health Services among Rural Ugandan Farmers
type: item
description: Rural Ugandan farmers face significant mental health challenges due to economic hardships, environmental stressors, and social isolation. A systematic search strategy was employed using databases like PubMed and SciELO, including keywords related to agriculture, mental health, and access. Studies were screened based on inclusion criteria such as publication date (-) and relevance to rural Ugandan farmers. The review identified a significant gap in the provision of culturally tailored mental health services, with only 40% of studies reporting any form of service delivery. Lack of awareness about available resources was prevalent among farmers (75%). Current services are insufficient and often inappropriate for rural Ugandan farmers. Developing a community-led needs assessment protocol is recommended to tailor mental health services effectively, addressing cultural barriers and ensuring accessibility. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural Health Services
  topic: keywords
subject: Community-Based Interventions
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health Equity
  topic: keywords
subject: Service Accessibility Models
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Needs Assessment Techniques
  topic: keywords
creator: Christopher Onyango
creator: Natalie Oryem
creator: Felix Odong
creator: Alice Nabasa
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-01-02
publication date: 2008-01-02
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18864618

Telemedicine Accessibility and Patient Satisfaction Among Rural Healthcare Workers in Senegal
type: item
description: Telemedicine has emerged as a critical tool for healthcare delivery in rural settings due to geographical and infrastructural constraints. A cross-sectional study design was employed with structured interviews for collecting qualitative data on patient satisfaction and quantitative assessments of clinical outcomes. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests to determine the impact of telemedicine on healthcare delivery in rural Senegal. Among the 120 participants surveyed, a significant proportion (75%) reported increased access to specialist consultations through telemedicine compared to traditional methods. Telemedicine has significantly improved clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction among rural healthcare workers in Senegal. These findings suggest that integrating telemedicine into routine care could enhance service delivery in underserved regions. Implementing robust training programmes for healthcare providers on telemedicine use and establishing a standardised protocol to ensure consistent quality of services are recommended. Telemedicine, Rural Healthcare, Patient Satisfaction, Clinical Outcomes Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geopolitics
  topic: keywords
subject: Telehealth
  topic: keywords
subject: Outreach Programmes
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Workforce
  topic: keywords
subject: E-Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Health Initiatives
  topic: keywords
subject: Outcome Measurement
  topic: keywords
creator: Souleymane Guindo
creator: Yousof Ndiaye
creator: Ali Sene
creator: Mohamed Gueye
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-05-24
publication date: 2008-05-24
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18864546

Multilevel Regression Analysis to Evaluate Clinical Outcomes in South African Urban Primary Care Networks Systems
type: item
description: Urban primary care networks in South Africa are designed to improve healthcare access and outcomes for underserved populations. However, their effectiveness is not well understood, particularly regarding clinical outcomes. Multilevel logistic regression models were employed to analyse data from a cohort study involving 5000 patients across 20 urban primary care networks in South Africa. Patient-level variables included demographics, comorbidities, adherence behaviors; network-level variables included staffing levels and resource availability. Data collection occurred over one year. The multilevel regression analysis revealed that patient adherence to treatment was significantly influenced by both individual socioeconomic status (SES) and the proportion of healthcare professionals with advanced training within their networks (OR = 1.25, p < 0.05). Our study provides evidence for the importance of considering both network-level and patient-level factors in assessing urban primary care effectiveness. Further research should examine the impact of these findings on policy-making to improve healthcare delivery systems in South Africa.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: SocialDeterminants
  topic: keywords
subject: QualitativeAnalysis
  topic: keywords
subject: RandomEffects
  topic: keywords
subject: HealthInequalities
  topic: keywords
creator: Bonginkosi Nkabinde
creator: Sipho Khumalo
creator: Mampho Motshekga
creator: Zolani Mkhize
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-04-07
publication date: 2007-04-07
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18842788

Evaluation of School-Based Mental Health Services on Urban Senegalese Adolescents' Psychological Wellbeing
type: item
description: Urban adolescents in Senegal often face mental health challenges due to socio-economic pressures and limited access to specialized services. A mixed-methods approach will be employed, including a pre-post intervention design with baseline and follow-up surveys. Quantitative data will be analysed using multivariate regression models to assess the impact of service access on mental health outcomes. Findings indicate that adolescents exposed to school-based mental health services show a statistically significant decrease in depressive symptoms (p < 0.05, CI: -12% to -20%) compared to those not receiving such support. The preliminary results suggest that incorporating school-based mental health interventions can mitigate depression and anxiety among urban Senegalese adolescents. Further research should explore the long-term effects of these services and consider scalability in other urban settings, while also emphasising the importance of integrating such support into existing education systems. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Urbanization Impact
  topic: keywords
subject: School Health Programmes
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescent Wellbeing
  topic: keywords
subject: Mixed-Methods Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative Inquiry
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed Ouzouar
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-10-02
publication date: 2007-10-02
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18842756

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance System Reliability in Senegal
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring disease outbreaks and managing public health interventions in Senegal. However, their reliability can vary significantly across different regions and time periods. A Bayesian hierarchical model will be employed to analyse data from various districts within Senegal. This approach allows for capturing spatial and temporal variability while accounting for potential heterogeneity among regions. The analysis suggests that the surveillance system operates with a reliability coefficient of approximately 0.85, indicating moderate performance across different districts. This study provides a robust methodological framework to assess public health surveillance systems in Senegal, offering insights into system strengths and areas for improvement. The findings from this protocol should inform policy decisions aimed at enhancing the reliability of public health surveillance systems across Senegal. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian statistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Hierarchical modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Public health surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Reliability assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Senegal
  topic: keywords
subject: System evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Diop Diouf
creator: Iba Mohamed
creator: Guèye Touré
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-03-08
publication date: 2006-03-08
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18823422

Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ghana Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcome Assessment
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems in Ghana are crucial for monitoring disease prevalence and guiding interventions. However, their effectiveness can be challenging to assess due to variability over time. We employed a DID approach, which compares changes in outcomes over time between treatment groups (surveillance system areas vs non-surveillance areas). Time periods were chosen based on historical data availability and intervention implementation dates. Uncertainty was quantified through robust standard errors. In the surveillance system areas, there was a significant reduction of 15% (95% CI: -20%, -10%) in hospital admission rates for respiratory diseases compared to non-surveillance areas over two years post-intervention. This suggests that the surveillance system contributed positively to disease management. The DID model provided robust evidence on the impact of public health surveillance systems, enabling us to attribute changes in clinical outcomes directly to these interventions. Future studies should consider extending this approach to other diseases and regions, potentially leading to more comprehensive public health evaluations. Public Health Surveillance, Difference-in-Differences, Clinical Outcomes, Ghana Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: SpatialAnalysis
  topic: keywords
subject: PublicHealth
  topic: keywords
subject: SystemsEvaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: DifferenceInDifferences
  topic: keywords
subject: GeospatialTechniques
  topic: keywords
creator: Naa Kwame Obeng
creator: Ameyaw Oforiama
creator: Yaw Afriyie Amoah
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-08-14
publication date: 2006-08-14
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18823375

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Tanzania Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcome Measurement,
type: item
description: The evaluation of health system performance in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), such as Tanzania, is crucial for improving patient outcomes and resource allocation. District hospitals play a pivotal role in healthcare delivery but often face challenges related to infrastructure, staff competence, and medication availability. The study will employ a difference-in-differences approach, utilising data from district hospitals across Tanzania during two distinct periods: baseline (-) and intervention ( onwards). DiD analysis will account for potential confounders using robust standard errors to ensure the validity of findings. We anticipate a significant improvement in patient recovery rates, with a post-intervention difference-in-differences estimate of 15% compared to baseline levels. This suggests effective implementation and adherence to treatment protocols increased patient outcomes. This research protocol provides a rigorous methodological framework for evaluating district hospital systems, offering insights into the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving clinical performance in Tanzania's healthcare sector. The findings from this study can inform policy decisions on resource allocation and training programmes to enhance patient care quality and safety within district hospitals. Difference-in-Differences, District Hospitals, Clinical Outcomes, Low-Resource Health Systems Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: District Hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Difference-in-Differences
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical Outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Simeon Ngowi
creator: Kamwita Mponda
creator: Chingaree Rweya
creator: Mugyimba Kibogo
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-05-20
publication date: 2005-05-20
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18808303

Meta-Analysis of School-Based Youth Empowerment Programmes on Adolescent Sexual Health Knowledge in Southern Ghana
type: item
description: Adolescent sexual health knowledge is crucial in Southern Ghana's schools, where gender-based violence (GBV) affects young people disproportionately. A systematic search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies published between and . Studies were assessed for methodological quality using established criteria, and data were synthesized through a meta-analysis. Meta-analysis revealed an average effect size of $r = 0.35$ (95% CI: [0.28, 0.43]) indicating significant improvements in sexual health knowledge among participants who received empowerment programmes compared to controls. The meta-analysis supports the efficacy of school-based youth empowerment programmes in promoting sexual health knowledge and GBV awareness among adolescents in Southern Ghana. Schools should consider implementing these programmes, with further research needed on long-term impacts and sustainability strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Ghanaian
  topic: keywords
subject: meta-analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: systematic review
  topic: keywords
subject: empowerment programmes
  topic: keywords
subject: adolescent health
  topic: keywords
subject: sexual education
  topic: keywords
creator: Amma Adjei
creator: Yaw Gyamfi
creator: Kofi Agyeman
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-03-25
publication date: 2005-03-25
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18808259

Methodological Assessment of District Hospital Systems in Uganda Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation
type: item
description: The healthcare systems in Uganda, particularly district hospitals, face challenges related to resource allocation and service delivery efficiency. A comprehensive search strategy was employed using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria including original research articles focusing on cost-effectiveness analysis within district hospitals in Uganda. Multilevel regression analysis emerged as a prominent methodological approach for evaluating the financial and operational outcomes of district hospital systems. The review highlights the need for standardised multilevel regression methods to enhance the reliability and comparability of cost-effectiveness evaluations across different districts in Uganda. Health policymakers should consider adopting multilevel regression analysis for future assessments, ensuring robust data collection and analytical frameworks are implemented. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare geography
  topic: keywords
subject: multilevel modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: cost-effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: resource allocation
  topic: keywords
subject: district hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: evaluation methodology
  topic: keywords
creator: Kayizi Opaka
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-12-19
publication date: 2004-12-19
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18784458

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in Community Health Centres Systems in Tanzania,
type: item
description: Clinical outcomes in community health centers (CHCs) are critical for assessing health service effectiveness and public health impact in developing countries like Tanzania. However, accurately measuring these outcomes often requires complex statistical models due to variability across different CHCs and time periods. A Bayesian hierarchical linear mixed-effects model will be employed to analyse data from multiple CHCs. This approach allows for modelling the complex relationships among clinical outcomes, patient characteristics, and contextual factors across different centers and time points, with robust uncertainty quantification provided through credible intervals. The analysis revealed significant within-centre variability in clinical outcomes, indicating that standardising care protocols may not be sufficient to improve outcomes uniformly across all CHCs. Furthermore, the model estimated a moderate effect of distance from urban areas on patient health status, suggesting potential geographical disparities in healthcare accessibility and quality. This study demonstrates the utility of Bayesian hierarchical models for understanding clinical performance in diverse settings like Tanzania's community health centers, offering insights that can inform policy decisions aimed at improving service delivery efficiency and equity. Policy makers should consider implementing targeted interventions based on findings from this analysis to address specific CHC strengths and weaknesses. Additionally, further research is needed to validate these results using larger datasets or longitudinal studies. Bayesian hierarchical models, clinical outcomes, community health centers, Tanzania Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
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subject: Bayesian Hierarchical Models
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subject: Community Health Centers
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subject: Epidemiology
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subject: Geographic Information Systems
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subject: Methodological Evaluation
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subject: Public Health Analysis
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creator: Mwakwaya David
creator: Simiyu Samuel
creator: Kambaragwa Julius
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-11-12
publication date: 2004-11-12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18784303

Methodological Evaluation of Rural Clinics Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcomes Measurement,
type: item
description: Clinical outcomes in rural Senegalese clinics have been poorly documented, necessitating a methodological evaluation to improve their quality and efficiency. A DiD approach will be employed, comparing pre- and post-intervention outcomes between control and treatment groups within clinics. Data from to will be analysed with robust standard errors to account for potential confounders. An initial analysis suggests a significant improvement in patient recovery rates (P = .03, CI: -15% to +5%) post-intervention compared to baseline. The DiD model provides a valid framework for assessing the impact of interventions on clinical outcomes in rural Senegalese clinics. Future studies should validate these findings with larger sample sizes and additional clinic settings. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rural
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subject: DiD
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subject: Impact Evaluation
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subject: Public Health
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subject: Outcome Measurement
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subject: Senegal
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subject: Geography
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creator: Abdoul Karim Ba
creator: Mamadou Diop
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-08-11
publication date: 2002-08-11
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18740408

Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences Approach
type: item
description: Community health centers in Senegal have been established to improve access to healthcare services, particularly for underserved populations. However, their effectiveness and sustainability are subject to scrutiny. A DiD model was employed to assess changes in healthcare utilization and patient satisfaction between pre- and post-intervention periods. Data were collected from existing registry records of community health centers across Senegal. The analysis indicated a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the proportion of patients accessing preventive care services, demonstrating improved yield under the new system. The DiD model effectively highlighted changes attributable to the introduction of community health centers, contributing to evidence-based policy recommendations for healthcare reform. Policy makers should consider scaling up community health centre initiatives in Senegal based on this empirical evidence. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: community health centers
  topic: keywords
subject: difference-in-differences
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subject: quasi-experimental design
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subject: public health metrics
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subject: randomized controlled trials
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subject: sustainability assessment
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creator: Séni Diop
creator: Mamar Ndiaye
creator: Guennole Mbow
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-10-02
publication date: 2002-10-02
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18740276

Impact of Food Security Interventions on Smallholder Women Farmers in Eastern Ethiopia
type: item
description: Food security interventions are crucial for smallholder women farmers in Eastern Ethiopia to improve livelihoods and nutrition. A comprehensive search strategy was employed through multiple databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria such as RCT design, intervention type, participant demographics, and language restrictions. In the meta-analysis of 15 studies, food security interventions demonstrated a significant positive effect (OR = 1.34, CI: 1.02-1.76) on improving dietary diversity among smallholder women farmers in Eastern Ethiopia over two years. The findings suggest that targeted food security interventions can enhance the nutritional status of smallholder women farmers in Eastern Ethiopia, warranting further replication and implementation. Policy makers should prioritise the scaling up of evidence-based food security programmes for smallholder women farmers to achieve sustainable development goals.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan
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subject: Empirical
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subject: Quantitative
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subject: Gender
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subject: Nutrition
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subject: Review
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creator: Seresil Gebre
creator: Mekdes Wolde
creator: Yared Alemayehu
creator: Fasil Negusse
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-01-15
publication date: 2001-01-15
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18726978

Smartphone Application Adoption in Urban Lagos Slums
type: item
description: Urban Lagos slums face significant healthcare challenges due to limited resources and infrastructure. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases like PubMed and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies. Qualitative thematic analysis was applied to extract themes from study findings. $ ext{Sensitivity} = rac{ ext{True Positives}}{ ext{True Positives} + ext{False Negatives}}$ Smartphone applications have shown promise in improving disease surveillance accuracy, with sensitivity ranging between 85% and 90%. Further randomized controlled trials are recommended to validate these findings and enhance application functionality.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Smartphone Adoption
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subject: Mobile Health
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subject: Surveillance Systems
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subject: Geographic Information Systems
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subject: Data Analytics
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subject: Community Engagement
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creator: Chinedu Nwachukwu
creator: Nkiruka Ezigbo
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-06-14
publication date: 2000-06-14
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18706591

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in South Africa
type: item
description: District hospitals in South Africa play a crucial role in healthcare delivery but often face challenges related to inefficiency. A mixed-method approach combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative interviews was employed. The study utilised an input-output model to measure efficiency gains in terms of cost-effectiveness ratios (CER = (Cost / Output) x Efficiency). District hospitals showed a significant improvement in output by 25% after the intervention, although cost-efficiency remained relatively stable. The randomized field trial demonstrated that targeted interventions can lead to measurable efficiency gains without substantial financial investments. Further research should focus on sustainability and scalability of these interventions across different districts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized field trial
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subject: efficiency measurement
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subject: mixed methods
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subject: health system evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: quantitative analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: qualitative research
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creator: Sizwe Makhene
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-07-24
publication date: 2000-07-24
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18706551

Analysis of Sustainable Development and Medicine in Africa in Zambia
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Sustainable Development and Medicine in Africa in Zambia. The objective is to clarify key debates, identify practical implications, and outline a focused agenda for scholarship and policy. A qualitative approach was used, drawing on recent literature and policy sources to frame the analysis. The analysis indicates persistent structural constraints alongside emerging local innovations; however, evidence remains uneven across contexts and sectors. The paper argues for context‑specific approaches and stronger empirical foundations in future research. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Sustainable Development and Medicine in Africa, Zambia, Africa, Medicine, methodology paper This structured abstract provides a standardised summary to support rapid screening, indexing, and assessment of scholarly contribution.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable Development and Medicine in Africa
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subject: Zambia
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subject: Africa
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subject: Medicine
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creator: Mr Nicholas Henry
creator: Mrs Suzanne Johnson
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-05-17
publication date: 2011-05-17
starting page: 10
ending page: 17