Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Nigeria: A Randomized Field Trial

Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring disease prevalence and guiding public health interventions in Nigeria. However, their effectiveness varies widely across different regions. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative interviews was employed. The study used a stratified random sampling technique to ensure representation across different regions and demographics. The evaluation revealed significant variability in the accuracy of surveillance data, with an average error rate of 15% across all monitored indicators. Despite challenges, improvements were noted through targeted interventions aimed at enhancing data collection methods and training public health personnel. Implementation of standardised protocols and continuous quality improvement initiatives are recommended to enhance the reliability of surveillance systems in Nigeria. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.