Multilevel Regression Analysis to Evaluate District Hospitals' Efficiency Gains in Ghana: A Systematic Assessment

District hospitals in Ghana play a critical role in healthcare provision but face challenges in efficiency gains. A multilevel regression model was employed to analyse data from multiple districts across Ghana. The model accounts for both hospital-level and district-level variations in efficiency. The multilevel regression analysis revealed that investment in infrastructure (proportion of budget allocated) had a significant positive effect on efficiency gains, with an estimated coefficient of +0.35 (95% CI: [0.12, 0.58]). Multilevel regression analysis provides insights into the factors driving district hospitals' efficiency in Ghana, highlighting the importance of infrastructure investment. Policy recommendations include prioritising investments in healthcare infrastructure to enhance district hospital efficiency and patient outcomes. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.