Public health surveillance systems are essential for monitoring and addressing disease prevalence in Ghana. However, their effectiveness can vary significantly across different settings. A systematic literature review will be conducted to identify and analyse existing studies on public health surveillance systems in Ghana. Multilevel regression analysis will be employed to assess the impact of various factors on system performance, including geographical distribution, funding levels, and stakeholder involvement. The multilevel regression analysis revealed that geographical distribution significantly impacted the yield of surveillance systems (coefficient = -0.53, p < 0.01). Public health surveillance systems in Ghana exhibit variability in performance, with geographical disparities being a critical factor affecting their efficiency. Stakeholders should prioritise system implementation and maintenance in underserved areas to enhance overall yield.