A Systematic Review of Sustainable Development in Rwandan Healthcare: An African Perspective,

Sustainable development in healthcare presents distinct challenges in African contexts. Rwanda’s post-conflict reconstruction has involved substantial healthcare reforms, making it a pertinent setting to examine the integration of sustainability principles within resource constraints. This systematic review synthesises literature on sustainable development in Rwanda’s healthcare sector. Its primary objective is to analyse how sustainable development goals are conceptualised, implemented, and evaluated within Rwandan medical practice and policy. A systematic literature review was conducted following established guidelines. Multiple academic databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles and relevant grey literature. Pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Eligible studies were critically appraised, with data extracted and synthesised thematically. The synthesis identified the central role of community health workers in promoting sustainable primary care. A strong, consistent emphasis on health system strengthening, as opposed to isolated disease-specific programmes, was evident. The approach is characterised by integrated strategies and community engagement. However, long-term financial sustainability and the environmental impact of healthcare delivery are under-researched. Rwanda’s approach to sustainable healthcare development is largely defined by system-wide integration and community-based models. Critical gaps persist regarding economic and environmental sustainability. Future research should prioritise longitudinal studies on sustainability outcomes. Policymakers should integrate environmental sustainability metrics into healthcare performance assessments. Further investigation into sustainable workforce models is also recommended. Sustainable development, healthcare systems, Rwanda, global health, health policy, systematic review, Africa This review consolidates evidence on sustainable healthcare development in Rwanda, providing a synthesised perspective to inform regional policy and practice.