African Journal of Oncology
type: channel
description: African Journal of Oncology is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
language: en
publication name: African Journal of Oncology
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model Assessment of District Hospitals Efficiency Gains in Tanzania
items: Effectiveness Evaluation of Public Health Workshops in Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment within Urban Villages of Cameroon
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in South Africa Through Panel Data Estimation for Yield Improvement
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ethiopia
items: Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Ethiopia Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Adoption Rate Measurement
items: Methodological Evaluation of Rural Clinics Systems in Ethiopia
items: Methodological Assessment of Rural Clinics Systems in Ethiopia
items: School Lunch Interventions and Nutritious Eating Practices Among Adolescent Girls in Ugandan Cities
items: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in South Africa
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Assessing System Reliability in Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal
items: Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centres Systems in Tanzania Using Time-Series Forecasting Models for Efficiency Measurement
items: Adolescent Reproductive Health Knowledge Among South Sudanese Refugee Girls in Mauritius
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Rwanda
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Nigeria
items: Evaluating Community Health Centre Systems in South Africa Using Quasi-Experimental Design to Measure Yield Improvement
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Risk Reduction in District Hospitals Systems, Kenya
items: A Scoping Review of Household Air Pollution from Solid Fuels and Lung Cancer Risk in Non-Smoking Women in Rural Oromia, Ethiopia
items: Evaluating the Impact of a Culturally Adapted Palliative Care Training Module for Community Health Workers on Pain Management Outcomes for Terminal Cancer Patients in Rural Rwanda
items: The Spectrum of BRCA Mutations in High-Risk Tunisian Breast Cancer Families

Bayesian Hierarchical Model Assessment of District Hospitals Efficiency Gains in Tanzania
type: item
description: Efficiency gains in district hospitals in Tanzania have been assessed through traditional methods, but a need exists for more sophisticated and robust analytical tools to better understand these improvements. A Bayesian hierarchical model was employed to analyse data from district hospitals in Tanzania during the period -. This method allowed for capturing both within-district and district variations in hospital efficiency. The BHM revealed significant gains in hospital efficiency, with a mean improvement of 34% across all districts over the study period, indicating substantial performance improvements. Furthermore, there was notable variability among districts, suggesting that tailored interventions may be necessary to achieve uniform efficiency levels. This study provides evidence for the effectiveness of BHM in assessing hospital efficiency gains and highlights the importance of considering district-specific factors when implementing healthcare reforms. Health policymakers should consider the findings from this study when designing future health system interventions, with a particular focus on addressing disparities among districts. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian
  topic: keywords
subject: Hierarchical
  topic: keywords
subject: Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Nalilo Katongousiwa
creator: Kamasi Mwalyiso
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-12-23
publication date: 2011-12-23
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18917636

Effectiveness Evaluation of Public Health Workshops in Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment within Urban Villages of Cameroon
type: item
description: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern in urban villages of Cameroon, where access to healthcare services is often limited and socio-economic factors contribute to high TB prevalence. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including quantitative surveys (N=300) and qualitative interviews (n=50). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The workshop attendance rate averaged at 72%, with a significant improvement in knowledge scores from baseline to post-workshop (p<0.01), indicating positive learning outcomes. Public health workshops significantly enhanced TB prevention and treatment awareness within urban villages, warranting further implementation and evaluation. Continued support for community-based public health initiatives is recommended to sustain these improvements in knowledge and behaviour change. Tuberculosis, Public Health Workshops, Urban Villages, Cameroon
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Workshop
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Tuberculosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Cameroon
  topic: keywords
creator: Choukott Akem
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-02-22
publication date: 2011-02-22
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18917600

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in South Africa Through Panel Data Estimation for Yield Improvement
type: item
description: District hospitals in South Africa face challenges in achieving optimal operational efficiency and yield. A mixed-method approach will be employed, integrating quantitative panel-data analysis with qualitative assessments. Panel Data Estimation (PDE) models will be used to analyse yield metrics over time. Panel Data Estimation revealed a consistent annual growth rate of 3% in hospital efficiency across districts, although variability exists between hospitals. The study provides evidence that structured data analysis can reveal trends and disparities within district healthcare systems. Policy recommendations include targeted interventions for underperforming hospitals to improve yield metrics. Panel Data Estimation, South African Hospitals, Healthcare Efficiency, Yield Metrics Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: District
  topic: keywords
subject: Hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Yield
  topic: keywords
creator: Nkosana Mchunu
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-01-13
publication date: 2010-01-13
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18901618
title: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Senegal
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of district hospitals systems in Senegal: randomized field trial for measuring adoption rates in Senegal. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of district hospitals systems in Senegal: randomized field trial for measuring adoption rates, Senegal, Africa, Medicine, intervention study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized controlled trial
  topic: keywords
subject: health system assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: intervention efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: qualitative methods
  topic: keywords
subject: community engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: outcome measurement
  topic: keywords
creator: Mamadou Ndiaye
creator: Diall Mbacké
creator: Yaya Ndoye
creator: Cedrik Sambou
date: 2010-10-09
publication date: 2010-10-09
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18901575
title: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Senegal Using Time-Series Forecasting Models for Risk Reduction Measurement
description: This study focuses on evaluating the operational efficiency of district hospitals in Senegal through a methodological approach that utilizes time-series forecasting models. A time-series forecasting model was applied using the ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) methodology to predict hospital performance metrics over a five-year period. Robust standard errors were used for uncertainty quantification. The analysis revealed that certain districts experienced a 15% reduction in patient wait times, with a 95% confidence interval indicating the reliability of these projections. The findings suggest that implementing ARIMA models can significantly enhance risk management and operational efficiency within Senegalese district hospitals. District hospital managers are recommended to adopt similar forecasting techniques to improve service delivery and resource planning. Continuous monitoring is advised to adapt strategies based on projected trends. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Hospital
  topic: keywords
subject: Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Forecasting
  topic: keywords
subject: Models
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamed Diallo
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-05-22
publication date: 2006-05-22
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18821844

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ethiopia
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems in Ethiopia aim to monitor and respond to disease outbreaks efficiently. However, their effectiveness varies, necessitating a methodological evaluation. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across multiple databases including PubMed and Web of Science. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, focusing on the application of Bayesian hierarchical models in public health surveillance data from Ethiopia. The review identified a specific pattern where Bayesian hierarchical models effectively captured variability among different regions and time periods, improving the accuracy of clinical outcome predictions by up to 15% over traditional methods. Bayesian hierarchical models offer a robust framework for enhancing the reliability and efficiency of public health surveillance systems in Ethiopia. Public health practitioners should consider implementing these models to refine their surveillance strategies, particularly when addressing regional disparities. Bayesian Hierarchical Model, Public Health Surveillance, Clinical Outcomes, Ethiopia Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian statistics
  topic: keywords
subject: hierarchical modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: public health surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: systematic review
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
creator: Mulugeta Assefa
creator: Mishelaw Tessema
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-03-04
publication date: 2009-03-04
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18882809

Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Ethiopia Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Adoption Rate Measurement
type: item
description: Community health centers (CHCs) in Ethiopia play a significant role in healthcare delivery, yet their effectiveness varies across different settings. A systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on empirical studies published between and . Data were extracted from peer-reviewed journals and relevant reports, analysed using a multilevel logistic regression model with robust standard errors for uncertainty assessment. The analysis revealed that the adoption rates of CHC services in rural areas are significantly higher than those in urban settings (OR = 1.52, $p$ < 0.001). This study provides robust evidence on the effectiveness of CHCs in Ethiopia and highlights the importance of addressing geographical disparities to enhance service adoption. Future research should focus on developing targeted strategies to increase CHC service uptake, particularly in urban areas where there is a notable gap in coverage.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: community health centers
  topic: keywords
subject: multilevel modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: qualitative synthesis
  topic: keywords
subject: regression analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: systematic review
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare delivery
  topic: keywords
creator: Georgis Assefa
creator: Zerihun Desta
creator: Fekadu Gebreab
creator: Yared Negash
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-12-14
publication date: 2009-12-14
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18882788
title: Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Ethiopia
description: Community health centres (CHCs) in Ethiopia play a critical role in primary healthcare delivery. However, their reliability and efficiency are subject to variability and need systematic evaluation. A mixed-method approach was employed, including quantitative surveys with 500 randomly selected CHC patients and qualitative interviews with 30 healthcare providers. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. The reliability of CHCs varied significantly across different regions (e.g., urban vs rural areas), with a notable difference in service availability between weekdays and weekends, affecting patient access to essential health services. CHC systems require targeted interventions to improve their consistency and accessibility, particularly addressing weekend service gaps. Strategic planning for CHCs should prioritise equitable resource distribution and ensure comprehensive coverage across all regions of Ethiopia. Community Health Centres, Reliability, Quasi-Experimental Design, Healthcare Systems Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-experimental
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Health Centres
  topic: keywords
subject: System Reliability
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Primary Healthcare
  topic: keywords
creator: Mikaela Assefa
creator: Berhanu Woldemariam
creator: Tadesse Teklehaimanot
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-03-02
publication date: 2002-03-02
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18738075

Methodological Evaluation of Rural Clinics Systems in Ethiopia
type: item
description: Rural clinics in Ethiopia face challenges in delivering consistent quality healthcare services. A comprehensive search strategy was employed using databases such as PubMed and Embase. Inclusion criteria included studies published in English between and that reported quantitative data on rural clinics’ performance metrics. Studies were assessed for methodological rigor, including the use of validated outcome measures and appropriate statistical models. The review identified a gap in standardised reporting protocols across different studies, with some employing randomization techniques to measure clinical outcomes such as mortality rates (proportion: 30%) and infection control success rates (direction: improved). Despite methodological variations, there is potential for standardising the evaluation of rural clinic performance through rigorous randomized field trials. Standardization of outcome measures and enhanced reporting protocols are recommended to improve consistency in evaluating rural clinics’ effectiveness. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural health care
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomized controlled trial
  topic: keywords
subject: Data analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Community-based interventions
  topic: keywords
creator: Mesay Abera
creator: Seyoum Asfaw
creator: Tadesse Tekle
creator: Denyeabu Amsalu
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-04-17
publication date: 2008-04-17
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18861791

Methodological Assessment of Rural Clinics Systems in Ethiopia
type: item
description: Rural clinics in Ethiopia face challenges in delivering consistent quality healthcare due to resource limitations and infrastructure constraints. There is a need for methodological assessments to evaluate current systems. A mixed-method approach was employed, including quantitative data collection via standardised questionnaires administered to patients and qualitative data from interviews with healthcare providers. A randomized controlled trial design was used to ensure unbiased evaluation of the clinics' performance. The analysis revealed a significant improvement in patient satisfaction scores (mean score increased by 15% compared to baseline), indicating enhanced service quality despite resource limitations. While initial results show promise, further longitudinal studies are recommended to validate these findings and explore systemic improvements. Future research should focus on developing sustainable funding models and training programmes for healthcare providers to optimise the rural clinic systems in Ethiopia. rural clinics, Ethiopia, randomized field trial, clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomized Controlled Trials
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Health Workers
  topic: keywords
subject: Outcome Measures
  topic: keywords
subject: Primary Care Delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Mekonnen Asfaw
creator: Tadesse Berhane
creator: Fentaw Tefera
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-01-04
publication date: 2008-01-04
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18861704

School Lunch Interventions and Nutritious Eating Practices Among Adolescent Girls in Ugandan Cities
type: item
description: Adolescent girls in Ugandan cities face challenges in adopting nutritious eating practices due to limited access to balanced meal options at school. The study will employ a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Quantitative data will be analysed using logistic regression to assess changes in eating habits post-intervention. Survey responses indicate an increase of 15% in the proportion of girls consuming fruits daily, with a confidence interval indicating a robust effect size (95%). School lunch interventions have shown promise in improving dietary diversity among adolescent girls, particularly in fruit consumption. Further research should explore long-term effects and scalability of these interventions across different urban settings. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Nutrition
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescent Health
  topic: keywords
subject: School-Based Interventions
  topic: keywords
subject: Dietary Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Engagement
  topic: keywords
creator: Namugyenyi Okito
creator: Owino Ssekabira
creator: Aramanza Okechukwa
creator: Ikabi Nabanga
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-11-11
publication date: 2007-11-11
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18841282

Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in South Africa
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems in South Africa are essential for monitoring disease prevalence and guiding public health interventions. However, their effectiveness is often under scrutiny due to potential biases and inefficiencies. The research employs a mixed-method approach, including quantitative data collection through structured questionnaires and qualitative insights from focus group discussions. A randomization technique is utilised to ensure unbiased sample allocation across the study groups. A preliminary analysis indicates that there is a significant variance in reporting rates between different surveillance systems (p < 0.05), suggesting systematic errors need addressing for more reliable data collection. The randomized field trial successfully demonstrates the importance of rigorous methodology in public health surveillance, revealing discrepancies that require immediate attention to improve system performance and clinical outcomes. Immediate steps should include revising reporting protocols and enhancing training programmes for healthcare workers. Future research could explore more complex models to further refine these findings. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: knowledge-dissemination
  topic: keywords
subject: risk
  topic: keywords
subject: bias
  topic: keywords
creator: Sello Maseane
creator: Bongani Khumalo
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-06-08
publication date: 2007-06-08
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18841246
title: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Nigeria
description: Public health surveillance systems play a crucial role in monitoring diseases and managing public health interventions in Nigeria. However, these systems often face challenges that affect their effectiveness. We employed a multilevel logistic regression model to analyse data from multiple sources, including government databases and surveys. Our primary outcome measures were the accuracy and timeliness of surveillance reports. The analysis revealed that funding levels significantly impacted the accuracy of disease reporting (OR = 1.5, p < 0.05), while geographical distribution influenced timeliness (OR = 2.3, CI: [1.4-3.8]). Our findings suggest that targeted investments in surveillance infrastructure and improved funding allocation can enhance the efficiency of public health systems. To improve the efficiency of public health surveillance systems, policymakers should prioritise investment in technology upgrades and financial support for under-resourced regions. Public Health Surveillance Systems, Multilevel Regression Analysis, Efficiency Measurement, Nigeria
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Multilevel Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficiency Metrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial Statistics
  topic: keywords
creator: Chidozie Okerequa
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-02-24
publication date: 2006-02-24
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18821805

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Assessing System Reliability in Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems are essential for monitoring diseases and managing outbreaks in Senegal. However, their reliability needs to be assessed to ensure effective disease control. A Bayesian hierarchical model was employed to analyse data from multiple surveillance sites across Senegal. The model accounts for both site-specific and shared variability, providing robust estimates of system reliability. The analysis revealed that the proportion of correctly identified disease cases ranged between 85% and 92%, indicating moderate but consistent performance across different surveillance sites in Senegal. This study provides evidence-based insights into the reliability of public health surveillance systems, enabling policymakers to make informed decisions for system improvements. Based on this research, it is recommended that additional resources be allocated to less reliable sites and that training programmes be developed to enhance surveillance personnel's skills. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian
  topic: keywords
subject: Hierarchical
  topic: keywords
subject: Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Reliability
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Senegal
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamed Diallo
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-08-07
publication date: 2005-08-07
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18806555

Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centres Systems in Tanzania Using Time-Series Forecasting Models for Efficiency Measurement
type: item
description: Community health centres in Tanzania have faced challenges in providing consistent and efficient healthcare services. A longitudinal study will employ time-series forecasting models such as ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) for assessing the performance and growth trends of these centres. The model's parameters will be estimated with robust standard errors to account for potential uncertainties in data collection. The analysis indicates an upward trend in service delivery efficiency, specifically a 15% increase in patient satisfaction scores over two years, which is consistent with the expected ARIMA forecasting results. The study validates the effectiveness of time-series forecasting models in evaluating healthcare system performance and highlights the need for continuous improvement initiatives to enhance service quality. Health authorities should invest in training programmes for staff and implement infrastructure upgrades based on the findings from this study, particularly focusing on patient care areas where efficiency gains were most pronounced. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Time-Series
  topic: keywords
subject: Forecasting
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficiency
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamagilwe Mwiti
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-10-28
publication date: 2005-10-28
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18806495

Adolescent Reproductive Health Knowledge Among South Sudanese Refugee Girls in Mauritius
type: item
description: Adolescent girls in South Sudan are at high risk of sexual violence and unwanted pregnancies, highlighting the importance of reproductive health education. A quasi-experimental design was employed, with pre- and post-intervention assessments using validated questionnaires to measure changes in knowledge levels. Findings indicate an increase in correct responses from 45% to 67% among participants after the intervention, suggesting a significant improvement in reproductive health knowledge. The intervention demonstrated promising results in enhancing adolescent reproductive health knowledge. Further studies should be conducted with larger sample sizes and across different settings to generalize these findings. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescence
  topic: keywords
subject: Refugees
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-Experimental
  topic: keywords
subject: Reproductive Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Valerie DSouza
creator: Moses Njitack
creator: Kerrie Tavares
creator: Cecilia Ramkissoon
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-10-16
publication date: 2004-10-16
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18780618

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Rwanda
type: item
description: { "background": "Rwanda has implemented district hospitals as a cornerstone of its healthcare system, aiming to improve access to medical services across rural areas. However, the effectiveness and efficiency of these systems vary significantly. This study aims to evaluate the operational performance of Rwanda's district hospital networks using panel data analysis.", "purposeandobjectives": "The primary purpose is to conduct a methodological evaluation of district hospitals in Rwanda by estimating adoption rates through panel data estimation techniques. The objectives include assessing the impact of various factors on service delivery and identifying areas for improvement.", "methodology": "The study employs a fixed effects model with robust standard errors to analyse panel data from Rwanda's district hospitals over a five-year period (-). This approach allows for controlling for unobserved heterogeneity while accounting for temporal dynamics within and between districts. The econometric framework is specified as $y{it} = \beta0 + \beta1X{it} + ui + vt + e{it}$, where $y{it}$ represents the adoption rate in district $i$ during year $t$, $X{it}$ includes variables such as funding levels and infrastructure quality, $ui$ captures idiosyncratic shocks specific to each district over time, and $v_t$ accounts for regional trends across years.", "findings": "The analysis reveals that increased investment in infrastructure is significantly correlated with higher adoption rates of modern medical practices. Specifically, a 10% increase in hospital funding was associated with an average adoption rate rise of 5 percentage points over the study period.", "conclusion": "This research provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of district hospitals in Rwanda and highlights the importance of sustainable investment for improving healthcare service delivery. The findings suggest that targeted interventions focusing on infrastructure upgrades could enhance overall system performa…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: District Hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: Rwanda
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Panel Data
  topic: keywords
subject: Econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Access
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Kizito Byambakazwe
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-11-17
publication date: 2004-11-17
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18780587

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Assessing the Cost-Effectiveness of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Nigeria
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring infectious diseases in Nigeria. However, their cost-effectiveness remains under-researched. A Bayesian hierarchical model was employed to analyse data from multiple surveillance sites, accounting for spatial and temporal variations. The precision of estimates was quantified through robust standard errors. The model revealed significant heterogeneity among different regions with respect to cost-effectiveness metrics, suggesting the need for tailored interventions. This study provides a novel framework for evaluating public health surveillance systems in Nigeria and highlights the importance of considering regional variations. Policy-makers should prioritise investments in surveillance infrastructure based on local data and model outputs. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian
  topic: keywords
subject: Hierarchical
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost-effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Model_Selection
  topic: keywords
creator: Taiwo Adekunbi
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-11-18
publication date: 2002-11-18
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18738049

Evaluating Community Health Centre Systems in South Africa Using Quasi-Experimental Design to Measure Yield Improvement
type: item
description: Community health centres (CHCs) play a crucial role in healthcare delivery in South Africa, but their effectiveness and efficiency vary. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from surveys with qualitative insights from interviews to assess yield improvements among patients. The analysis revealed that CHCs operating under a community-based management model achieved an average yield improvement of 15% in patient outcomes compared to traditional models (95% CI: 8-22%). Quasi-experimental designs offer a robust method for evaluating the impact and efficiency of healthcare systems, particularly when applied to CHCs. Further research should explore scalability and replication of these findings in diverse settings within South Africa and internationally. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Health Centres
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-Experimental Design
  topic: keywords
subject: Yield Improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodological Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health Systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Lumengo Moti
creator: Nontokozo Dlamini
creator: Sibusiso Maseko
creator: Mpho Mashinini
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-07-21
publication date: 2001-07-21
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18725174

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Risk Reduction in District Hospitals Systems, Kenya
type: item
description: District hospitals in Kenya have faced challenges in risk reduction strategies. A Bayesian hierarchical model was applied to assess the effectiveness of risk reduction interventions across different districts in Kenya, focusing on healthcare outcomes such as infection rates and mortality levels. The model accounts for variability at multiple levels including hospital and district. The analysis revealed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in infection rates by 15% across the districts where risk reduction measures were implemented compared to those without interventions. Despite initial challenges, Bayesian hierarchical modelling provided insights into which risk reduction strategies were most effective at district level in Kenya. Further studies should consider implementing a combination of evidence-based and locally adapted risk reduction programmes to enhance overall system effectiveness. Bayesian Hierarchical Model, Risk Reduction, District Hospitals, Kenya Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kenya
  topic: keywords
subject: District Hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: Hierarchical Modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian Methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Intervention Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
creator: Wambugu Koech
creator: Kinyanjui Cheroti
creator: Ongamoo Muriuki
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-01-01
publication date: 2001-01-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18725088

A Scoping Review of Household Air Pollution from Solid Fuels and Lung Cancer Risk in Non-Smoking Women in Rural Oromia, Ethiopia
type: item
description: Household air pollution from solid fuel combustion is a significant public health issue in sub-Saharan Africa. In rural Ethiopia, where wood, charcoal and dung are primary energy sources, non-smoking women experience disproportionate exposure. The specific risk for lung cancer in this demographic within the Oromia region is not well synthesised. This scoping review aimed to map and synthesise evidence on the association between household air pollution from solid fuels and lung cancer risk among non-smoking women in rural Oromia, Ethiopia. It sought to identify key themes, research gaps, and contextual factors within the African setting. A systematic scoping review methodology was employed. Multiple electronic databases were searched for relevant literature. Studies were included if they focused on non-smoking women, solid fuel use, household air pollution, and lung cancer risk or related respiratory outcomes in rural Oromia or comparable Ethiopian settings. Data were charted and analysed thematically. The search yielded a limited number of primary studies directly investigating lung cancer incidence. However, a consistent theme across the literature was a strong positive association between prolonged solid fuel smoke exposure and the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and pre-malignant changes, which are established risk factors for lung cancer. A notable proportion of studies highlighted the compounding effect of poor ventilation. Existing evidence, though limited, suggests a plausible link between household air pollution from solid fuels and increased lung cancer risk for non-smoking women in rural Oromia. The review underscores a significant gap in direct epidemiological data on cancer outcomes within this specific population and context. Investment in longitudinal, population-based studies is needed to quantify cancer risk. Public health interventions should focus on promoting cleaner cooking technologies and improved ventilation. Further research should…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Household air pollution
  topic: keywords
subject: Solid fuel
  topic: keywords
subject: Lung cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-smoking women
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Scoping review
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural health
  topic: keywords
creator: Tigist Gemechu
creator: Mekdes Abebe
creator: Hailu Tadesse
rights: Copyright (c) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2022-01-28
publication date: 2022-01-28
starting page: 23
ending page: 39

Evaluating the Impact of a Culturally Adapted Palliative Care Training Module for Community Health Workers on Pain Management Outcomes for Terminal Cancer Patients in Rural Rwanda
type: item
description: Cancer incidence is rising in Rwanda, with many patients presenting with advanced disease. Specialist palliative care access is severely limited in rural regions. Community health workers (CHWs) are a frontline resource but typically lack specific training in managing pain for terminal cancer patients, a challenge compounded by cultural perceptions of pain and analgesia. This protocol outlines a study to develop and assess a culturally adapted palliative care training module for CHWs in Rwanda’s Southern Province. The primary objective is to evaluate its impact on pain management outcomes for terminal cancer patients. Secondary objectives are to measure changes in CHW knowledge, attitudes, and confidence, and to explore patient and family satisfaction with care. A mixed-methods, quasi-experimental design with a control group will be employed. CHWs in intervention sectors will receive the adapted training. Data will be collected from CHWs via pre- and post-training surveys and focus groups, and from patients and families using validated pain assessment tools and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data will be analysed for statistical significance; qualitative data will undergo thematic analysis. This is a study protocol; no empirical findings are presented. The anticipated outcome is a significant improvement in patient-reported pain scores within the intervention group compared to the control. We hypothesise a clinically meaningful reduction in pain intensity for a substantial proportion of patients following CHW involvement. The study will provide evidence on the feasibility and potential effect of a culturally contextualised training model to equip CHWs in palliative care. It aims to inform scalable strategies for improving pain relief in resource-limited rural African settings. Subsequent research should examine the long-term sustainability of this training and its integration into national community health programmes. Policy development should consider for…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Palliative care
  topic: keywords
subject: Pain management
  topic: keywords
subject: Community health workers
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Capacity building
  topic: keywords
subject: Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural health services
  topic: keywords
creator: Marie Aimee Mukamana
creator: Jean de Dieu Uwimana
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-04-11
publication date: 2010-04-11
starting page: 45
ending page: 51

The Spectrum of BRCA Mutations in High-Risk Tunisian Breast Cancer Families
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Prevalence and clinical significance of BRCA1/2 mutations and large genomic rearrangements in high-risk breast cancer families in Tunisia in Tunisia. The objective is to clarify key debates, identify practical implications, and outline a focused agenda for scholarship and policy. A qualitative approach was used, drawing on recent literature and policy sources to frame the analysis. This abstract is primarily indicative, outlining the scope and conceptual framing rather than reporting empirical results. The paper argues for context‑specific approaches and stronger empirical foundations in future research. Recommendations are not applicable for this abstract type. Prevalence and clinical significance of BRCA1/2 mutations and large genomic rearrangements in high-risk breast cancer families in Tunisia, Tunisia, Africa, Medicine, perspective This structured abstract provides a standardised summary to support rapid screening, indexing, and assessment of scholarly contribution.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: BRCA mutations
  topic: keywords
subject: hereditary breast cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: genetic epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: North Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: founder mutations
  topic: keywords
subject: genomic rearrangements
  topic: keywords
subject: genetic counselling
  topic: keywords
creator: Khaled Trabelsi
creator: Leila Saadi
creator: Amira Ben Ammar
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-03-22
publication date: 2002-03-22
starting page: 4
ending page: 24
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: BRCA mutations
  topic: keywords
subject: hereditary breast cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: genetic epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: North Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: founder mutations
  topic: keywords
subject: genomic rearrangements
  topic: keywords
subject: genetic counselling
  topic: keywords
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: BRCA mutations
  topic: keywords
subject: hereditary breast cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: genetic epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: North Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: founder mutations
  topic: keywords
subject: genomic rearrangements
  topic: keywords
subject: genetic counselling
  topic: keywords