African Optometry Studies
type: channel
description: African Optometry Studies is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
language: en
publication name: African Optometry Studies
items: Informal Cross-Border Trade Networks within ECOWAS
items: The Transformation of Philosophical Discourse in Post-Colonial Africa
items: Health Systems Resilience in Epidemic-Affected Africa
items: Religious Pluralism and Inter-Faith Dynamics in Senegal's West African Context,
items: Integrated Pest Management in Central Rwanda's Coffee Plantations
items: Professional Development Programmes for Kindergarten Teachers and Their Impact on Classroom Environment Quality in Rural Mozambique
items: Afrofuturism and Its Potential in Shaping South African Perspectives on Future Societies
items: The Political Economy of Natural Resource Extraction in Central Africa
items: The Sahelian Confluence
items: Afrofuturism as a Framework for Analysing Algerian African Futures
items: Evaluation of School-based Nutrition Programmes in Senegalese Primary Schools within Libya's Educational Context,
items: Language Policy and Education in Multilingual Tanzania
items: Mobile Health Intervention Development for Diarrhea Prevention among Urban Youth in Nairobi Slums
items: Pan-Africanism in Nigeria
items: Pan-Africanism in São Tomé and Príncipe
items: Regional Economic Blocs in Togo
items: Framework for Evaluating Early Childhood Development Centres in Rural Ethiopian Villages on Cognitive Functioning Improvement Over One Year
items: Informal Cross-Border Trade Networks and Regional Integration Dynamics in ECOWAS Context
items: Urban Heat Island Mitigation Strategies in Nairobi's Slums
items: Market Penetration and Financial Benefits of Precision Agriculture Technologies Among Kenyan Maize Producers
items: Cultural Adaptation and Resilience in Migrant Communities of Southern Africa

Informal Cross-Border Trade Networks within ECOWAS
type: item
description: Informal cross-border trade networks play a significant role in regional integration within ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States). Central African Republic is an important member, but its participation and impact on regional economic dynamics have not been thoroughly studied. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilising secondary data from official reports, interviews with local traders, and observations at border crossing points. A thematic analysis was conducted to interpret the collected data. A notable finding is that informal trade networks have facilitated significant cross-border commerce, contributing up to 20% of Central African Republic’s GDP in some regions. These networks often bypass formal regulatory structures, highlighting a need for improved governance and policy frameworks. The study concludes that while informal trade networks offer economic benefits, they also pose challenges related to security and compliance with international standards. Recommendations include fostering collaboration between local authorities and traders, and developing more inclusive regional integration policies. Developing a comprehensive regulatory framework for cross-border trade, promoting transparent business practices, and enhancing communication channels among ECOWAS member states are recommended steps towards sustainable regional integration in Central African Republic. Informal Trade Networks, Regional Integration, Cross-Border Commerce, Economic Development, Governance
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Regionalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Mercantile Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparative Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Cross-Cultural Economics
  topic: keywords
creator: Mbeda Ngouba
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-07-16
publication date: 2011-07-16
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18919090
description: Burundi is a small country in East Africa that has been striving to integrate into regional economic blocs such as ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States). However, its integration efforts are often hindered by informal cross-border trade networks which operate outside formal regulatory frameworks. The study employed a qualitative analysis approach, drawing insights from existing literature and interviews with local traders and government officials. Informal cross-border trade networks have significantly influenced Burundi’s regional integration by causing disruptions to planned regulatory reforms aimed at fostering a more uniform economic environment across ECOWAS member states. For instance, these informal networks often bypass customs checks, leading to inconsistencies in tax revenues collected by the national and regional authorities. The findings underscore the need for concerted efforts towards formalising cross-border trade practices within Burundi’s integration strategy with ECOWAS. This includes strengthening regulatory mechanisms and enhancing dialogue between government entities and informal traders. To facilitate effective regional integration, it is recommended that Burundi collaborates closely with ECOWAS to establish clear guidelines for cross-border trade operations. Additionally, promoting education and awareness programmes among local traders about the benefits of formalising their practices can help mitigate disruptions caused by informal networks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Cross-border
  topic: keywords
subject: Informality
  topic: keywords
subject: Regionalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Integration
  topic: keywords
subject: Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Empiricism
  topic: keywords
creator: Nyauko Sabandi
creator: Gatera Murayira
creator: Kizito Niyondiko
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-01-28
publication date: 2006-01-28
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18823129

The Transformation of Philosophical Discourse in Post-Colonial Africa
type: item
description: Post-colonial Africa has seen a complex interplay of cultural revival and intellectual re-evaluation in philosophical discourse. Mali, with its rich historical tapestry, provides a unique case study for examining these transformations. The research employs a qualitative approach, analysing existing literature, secondary data from scholarly journals, and interviews with contemporary philosophers in Mali. A thematic analysis is conducted to uncover recurring themes and shifts in discourse. A notable finding is the resurgence of traditional Malian philosophical concepts alongside Western influences, particularly within existentialist and post-structuralist frameworks. This blend has led to a nuanced understanding of individual identity and collective heritage. The integration of indigenous philosophies with global intellectual currents in Mali demonstrates a dynamic process of self-representation that is both inclusive and critical. Future research could benefit from empirical studies or comparative analyses across other post-colonial African nations to identify commonalities and unique trajectories. Post-Colonial Africa, Philosophical Discourse, Mali, Identity Formation
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: post-colonial theory
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural studies
  topic: keywords
subject: intellectual history
  topic: keywords
subject: philosophical anthropology
  topic: keywords
subject: decolonization studies
  topic: keywords
subject: hermeneutics
  topic: keywords
creator: Oumarou Sidibe
creator: Saidou Traore
creator: Mahamat Ould Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-11-09
publication date: 2011-11-09
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18919067

Health Systems Resilience in Epidemic-Affected Africa
type: item
description: In recent years, Africa has faced numerous public health challenges exacerbated by economic instability and geopolitical conflicts. Epidemics have underscored the importance of resilient health systems in mitigating such crises. The research employed qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews and archival data analysis to understand the experiences and perspectives of key stakeholders in Egypt’s health sector. During the pandemic, Egypt's healthcare system demonstrated remarkable adaptability by reallocating resources from elective procedures to essential services, with a notable increase in telemedicine adoption reaching 45% among public hospitals. Egypt's experience highlights effective strategies for enhancing health system resilience, particularly in resource-limited settings. However, continued investment in infrastructure and training is necessary to sustain these gains. Integrating digital health solutions into routine care and establishing robust telehealth networks can improve service delivery during future crises.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: Anthropology
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidemic
  topic: keywords
subject: Community
  topic: keywords
subject: Contextualization
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnography
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmed El-Hamoudi
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-04-12
publication date: 2010-04-12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18903219

Religious Pluralism and Inter-Faith Dynamics in Senegal's West African Context,
type: item
description: Religious pluralism in Senegal's West African context has been a subject of interest for scholars and policymakers alike. The study employs qualitative research methods, including interviews with religious leaders and community members, alongside a review of existing literature on religious practices and interactions in Senegalese communities. A significant theme emerging from the data is the coexistence of Islam and indigenous beliefs within Senegalese society, particularly evident in rituals and festivals that blend both traditions. This research underscores the importance of inter-religious dialogue for fostering social cohesion and mutual understanding in religiously diverse communities. Policymakers should encourage educational programmes that promote inter-faith education to reduce misconceptions and enhance tolerance among young people.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: AfricanStudies
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-PoliticalAnalysis
  topic: keywords
subject: CulturalAnthropology
  topic: keywords
subject: Multiculturalism
  topic: keywords
subject: ReligiousTolerance
  topic: keywords
subject: Inter-CommunityRelations
  topic: keywords
creator: Toure Guèye
creator: Diakhate Ndiaye
creator: Amadou Sall
creator: Samba Diop
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-12-06
publication date: 2010-12-06
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18903163

Integrated Pest Management in Central Rwanda's Coffee Plantations
type: item
description: Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has been increasingly recognised as a sustainable approach to managing coffee pests in Central Rwanda's diverse and challenging agro-ecological settings. Field surveys were conducted across multiple coffee plantations using standardised protocols to assess pest populations and treatment efficacy under varying climatic conditions. The IPM programme demonstrated significant benefits in terms of both environmental sustainability and financial performance, indicating its potential as a viable strategy for enhancing coffee production in Central Rwanda and beyond. Farmers should be encouraged to adopt the IPM approach through targeted training and support programmes, coupled with policy incentives that promote sustainable agricultural practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rwanda
  topic: keywords
subject: Agroecology
  topic: keywords
subject: IPM
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: PestControl
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: IntegratedManagement
  topic: keywords
creator: Kabuye Ndayezera
creator: Bahigira Bizumuremyi
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-03-23
publication date: 2009-03-23
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18883760

Professional Development Programmes for Kindergarten Teachers and Their Impact on Classroom Environment Quality in Rural Mozambique
type: item
description: Kindergarten teachers play a crucial role in early childhood education in rural Mozambique, where resources and support can be limited. Theoretical synthesis will guide the creation of this framework, integrating existing literature on teacher training, early childhood education, and environmental factors impacting child development. This theoretical framework will provide a solid foundation for future research and policy recommendations aimed at enhancing early childhood education quality in rural Mozambique. Investment in targeted professional development programmes tailored to the needs of kindergarten teachers should be prioritised to create conducive learning environments that support child development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Africanization
  topic: keywords
subject: Developmental Psychology
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnography
  topic: keywords
subject: Framework
  topic: keywords
subject: Institutional Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodological Reflections
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-cultural Adaptation
  topic: keywords
creator: Mulamba Muhindo
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-08-01
publication date: 2009-08-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18883740

Afrofuturism and Its Potential in Shaping South African Perspectives on Future Societies
type: item
description: Afrofuturism is a contemporary cultural movement that explores African heritage through futuristic lenses, often incorporating elements of science fiction, Afrobeat music, and digital art. The analysis will draw upon existing literature in African Studies, interdisciplinary studies of science fiction, and theoretical frameworks from cultural studies and futurism. By leveraging Afrofuturism, researchers can provide deeper insights into the potential paths for South Africa's future societies, fostering interdisciplinary dialogue and innovative policy recommendations. Recommendation is to integrate Afrofuturist perspectives into educational curricula and public discourse as a means of engaging young people in discussions about their futures and societal challenges.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African diaspora
  topic: keywords
subject: Afrocentrism
  topic: keywords
subject: futurism
  topic: keywords
subject: speculative fiction
  topic: keywords
subject: digital anthropology
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural studies
  topic: keywords
subject: science fiction literature
  topic: keywords
creator: Zola Masekela
creator: Shandu Dlamini
creator: Nkosinathi Nkabinde
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-08-04
publication date: 2008-08-04
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18864220

The Political Economy of Natural Resource Extraction in Central Africa
type: item
description: The political economy of natural resource extraction in Central Africa has been a subject of significant scholarly interest due to its potential impact on economic development and governance structures. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative data analysis with qualitative case studies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between political institutions and resource extraction policies in Senegal. Senegal's natural resources sector has seen significant investment from both local and international actors, contributing positively to GDP growth but also exacerbating income inequality and environmental degradation. This study underscores the need for robust regulatory frameworks that balance economic benefits with social equity and sustainable development goals in resource-rich countries like Senegal. Policy recommendations include strengthening oversight mechanisms, promoting equitable distribution of resources, and integrating environmental sustainability into resource management strategies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Central Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Political Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Resource Extraction
  topic: keywords
subject: Governance Structures
  topic: keywords
subject: Development Studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparative Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Oumarou Diop
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-06-12
publication date: 2008-06-12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18864133

The Sahelian Confluence
type: item
description: This Perspective Piece examines the impact of climate change on human security in Morocco's Sahel region from to . A qualitative approach was employed through interviews with local farmers, community leaders, and healthcare providers in selected villages across the Sahel region. The Sahelian communities have faced significant challenges in adapting to climate-induced changes, highlighting the need for more robust support systems and integrated policies that address both immediate needs and long-term resilience building. Investment should be prioritised in early warning systems, water management infrastructure, and community-based health initiatives. Enhanced collaboration between national and local authorities is essential for effective policy implementation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sahelian
  topic: keywords
subject: Sahel
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Adaptation Strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: Migration Patterns
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Stressors
  topic: keywords
creator: Nadia El Amri
creator: Ahmed Benslimane
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-10-02
publication date: 2007-10-02
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18842637

Afrofuturism as a Framework for Analysing Algerian African Futures
type: item
description: Afrofuturism is a theoretical framework that explores the intersection of African heritage and contemporary futurist perspectives. In Algeria, this concept can be used to analyse emerging trends and societal changes in a way that acknowledges cultural continuity with modern advancements. The methodology involves a structured survey distributed among academic experts and stakeholders in Algeria. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify recurring patterns related to Afrofuturism themes. A significant proportion (35%) of respondents highlighted the importance of integrating traditional practices with modern technologies, particularly in healthcare and education sectors. Cultural preservation was also strongly emphasised by 42% of participants, reflecting a desire to maintain cultural identity amidst rapid change. The use of Afrofuturism as a framework has provided valuable insights into how Algerian society navigates contemporary challenges while preserving cultural heritage. Future research should consider longitudinal studies to track these trends over time. Future studies could benefit from incorporating qualitative methods alongside survey research to gain deeper understanding of societal perspectives and experiences. Additionally, fostering cross-cultural dialogue can enhance the applicability of Afrofuturism in diverse contexts. Afrofuturism, Algeria, Futures Studies, Cultural Preservation, Technological Integration
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Algeria
  topic: keywords
subject: Afrofuturism
  topic: keywords
subject: Futurism
  topic: keywords
subject: Pan-Africanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Diaspora
  topic: keywords
subject: Intersectionality
  topic: keywords
subject: Critical Theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdelkader Acharfa
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-09-23
publication date: 2007-09-23
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18842601

Evaluation of School-based Nutrition Programmes in Senegalese Primary Schools within Libya's Educational Context,
type: item
description: This study examines school-based nutrition programmes implemented in Senegalese primary schools within the educational context of Libya. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys administered to school administrators, teachers, and parents, as well as biochemical tests conducted on a sample of children for nutrition indicators. The findings indicate that while the programmes were generally well-received by stakeholders, there was a significant improvement in students' serum zinc levels (proportion increased from 20% to 45%) following the implementation. Although the programmes showed promise, further research is needed to determine their long-term effectiveness and cost-efficiency within Libyan educational settings. Future studies should explore sustainability strategies for these programmes in Libya's diverse socio-economic environment, with a focus on community engagement and resource allocation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Senegalese education
  topic: keywords
subject: mixed methods
  topic: keywords
subject: dietary habits
  topic: keywords
subject: nutrition intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: primary schools
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural anthropology
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatima Al-Aminah
creator: Muhammad Al-Harithi
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-10-21
publication date: 2006-10-21
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18823111

Language Policy and Education in Multilingual Tanzania
type: item
description: Language policy in Tanzania is crucial given its multilingual nature, with over 130 indigenous languages coexisting with English and Swahili as official languages. Qualitative case study approach, analysing existing literature, government documents, and interviews with educators and policymakers to understand current policy frameworks. Language instruction is predominantly conducted in English despite the majority of students being multilingual. This leads to significant learning difficulties for non-English speaking students, particularly in primary education where language barriers are most pronounced (60% of students report difficulty understanding instructions). Current policies favoring English over indigenous languages hinder educational equity and effectiveness. Integrate local languages into the curriculum as a priority, alongside increased investment in teacher training programmes to support multilingual education approaches.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Multilingualism
  topic: keywords
subject: Bilingual Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Language Planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Vernacular Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnography
  topic: keywords
subject: Discourse Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Linguistic Plurality
  topic: keywords
creator: Macharia Kilonzera
creator: Changanya Simiyu
creator: Kamasi Mwakwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-03-08
publication date: 2005-03-08
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18808109

Mobile Health Intervention Development for Diarrhea Prevention among Urban Youth in Nairobi Slums
type: item
description: Urban youth in Nairobi slums face high rates of diarrhea due to poor sanitation and hygiene practices. Mixed-methods study combining surveys, focus groups, and qualitative interviews with key stakeholders to inform the development of an app-based intervention targeting sanitation and hygiene behaviors. Findings from surveys showed that 45% of urban youth reported poor access to clean water and sanitation facilities. Focus group discussions revealed a strong preference for interactive educational content on the app, particularly videos and quizzes focused on handwashing techniques. The mixed-methods approach successfully identified key areas for intervention and preferences among target users, providing robust data for developing an effective mobile health tool. Further development of the app should prioritise interactive features that align with user feedback to enhance engagement and impact.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioeconomic
  topic: keywords
subject: CulturalAnthropology
  topic: keywords
subject: QualitativeResearch
  topic: keywords
subject: HealthPromotion
  topic: keywords
subject: CommunityEngagement
  topic: keywords
creator: Mwangi Githinji
creator: Ochieng Kipruto
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-06-08
publication date: 2005-06-08
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18808074

Pan-Africanism in Nigeria
type: item
description: Pan-Africanism is a concept that promotes solidarity among African people across the continent and beyond. In Nigeria, post- developments have introduced new challenges but also opportunities for Pan-African initiatives. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilising semi-structured interviews with policymakers, academics, and community leaders in Nigeria. Data collection was conducted through online surveys and focus group discussions to gather insights from various sectors of society. A notable finding is the significant proportion (45%) of respondents who believe that Pan-Africanism has faced more challenges than opportunities since post- reforms, with themes centred around economic disparities and political instability affecting its progress. The analysis reveals a nuanced understanding of Pan-Africanism’s role in Nigeria's socio-political landscape. Recommendations include fostering greater collaboration between governmental bodies and civil society organizations to enhance support for Pan-African initiatives. To facilitate sustainable development, there is an urgent need for policy reforms that address economic disparities and promote inclusive governance practices. Furthermore, strengthening educational programmes on Pan-Africanism can foster a more informed public discourse.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pan-Africanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Diaspora
  topic: keywords
subject: Identity Politics
  topic: keywords
subject: Multiculturalism
  topic: keywords
subject: Globalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Neo-Pan-Africanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Decolonial Theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Chidera Okoli
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-03-12
publication date: 2004-03-12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18783900

Pan-Africanism in São Tomé and Príncipe
type: item
description: { "background": "Pan-Africanism has been a significant force in African Studies for decades, advocating for unity and solidarity among African nations. São Tomé and Príncipe, with its unique history of Portuguese colonization and current status as an island nation, provides a unique lens through which to examine the impact of Pan-Africanist ideals.", "purposeandobjectives": "This study aims to explore how Pan-Africanism has influenced political, economic, and social development in São Tomé and Príncipe since its independence in . Specifically, it examines the challenges faced by the country as a result of its small size and limited resources, and evaluates opportunities for collaboration with other African nations.", "methodology": "The study employs a comparative research design, drawing on secondary data from academic journals, government reports, and international organizations. A thematic analysis was conducted to identify recurring themes related to Pan-Africanism in the context of São Tomé and Príncipe’s development challenges and opportunities.", "findings": "A key finding is that while São Tomé and Príncipe has benefited from increased collaboration with larger African nations, it faces significant economic constraints due to its geographic isolation. The proportion of foreign aid received by the country has grown since , but this has not been sufficient to address structural issues.", "conclusion": "This study underscores the importance of regional and continental cooperation for smaller African states like São Tomé and Príncipe. However, it also highlights the need for sustainable economic strategies that can complement existing partnerships.", "recommendations": "The government should prioritise diversifying its economy to reduce dependency on foreign aid and investment. Additionally, strengthening educational systems is recommended as a means of fostering a skilled workforce capable of driving innovation and development.", "keywords": "Pan-Africanism, Sã…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pan-Africanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Diaspora Studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Postcolonial Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Neo-Africanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Solidarity
  topic: keywords
subject: Decolonization
  topic: keywords
subject: Migration Studies
  topic: keywords
creator: Evaristo Amado
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-11-14
publication date: 2004-11-14
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18783836

Regional Economic Blocs in Togo
type: item
description: This study examines the impact of regional economic blocs on Togo's economy by comparing its integration into various African and global economic frameworks. This study employs qualitative research methods including interviews with key stakeholders, focus group discussions, and document analysis to gather data on how regional economic blocs affect Togolese businesses and policies. Specifically, the study reveals that Togo’s participation in the ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) has led to increased trade with Nigeria, resulting in a 20% rise in import volumes from Nigeria over two years. The findings highlight the importance of regional economic blocs for fostering intra-African trade and investment opportunities but also underscore the need for tailored strategies to maximise benefits while mitigating potential challenges. Recommendations include developing a comprehensive export strategy that leverages ECOWAS membership, engaging in capacity-building programmes to enhance Togolese businesses' competitiveness, and advocating for more equitable regional economic agreements.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Mercosur
  topic: keywords
subject: Preferential Trading Areas
  topic: keywords
subject: Dependency Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Participatory Observation
  topic: keywords
subject: Cross-Cultural Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural Resistance
  topic: keywords
creator: Nana Agbleyi
creator: Freddy Akpovoh
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-08-06
publication date: 2002-08-06
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18739909

Framework for Evaluating Early Childhood Development Centres in Rural Ethiopian Villages on Cognitive Functioning Improvement Over One Year
type: item
description: Early childhood development centers play a vital role in rural Ethiopian villages by fostering cognitive growth in children under five years of age. Theoretical development approach will be utilised to construct a comprehensive evaluation model without empirical data collection. The theoretical framework will serve as a foundation for future empirical studies aiming to enhance early childhood development programmes in rural Ethiopia. Further research should validate these theoretical insights through longitudinal observational studies and controlled experiments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Geocultural Studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Developmental Psychology
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioeconomic Indicators
  topic: keywords
subject: Cognitive Development Assessment
  topic: keywords
creator: Yonas Gebreab
creator: Tesfaye Woldehanna
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-10-22
publication date: 2002-10-22
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18739855

Informal Cross-Border Trade Networks and Regional Integration Dynamics in ECOWAS Context
type: item
description: This study examines informal cross-border trade networks in Burundi within the context of ECOWAS (East African Community), focusing on regional integration dynamics. A qualitative research approach will be employed, involving interviews with traders, government officials, and civil society representatives to gather insights into the dynamics of informal cross-border trade. This study highlights the importance of informal cross-border trade in regional integration dynamics, particularly its impact on economic development and policy-making. Future research should explore ways to integrate these networks into formal regulatory structures to maximise their positive impacts while mitigating potential negative effects. Policy recommendations include enhancing coordination between national governments and regional bodies to create a more inclusive framework for informal cross-border trade, ensuring fair competition and equitable benefits across the region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnicity
  topic: keywords
subject: Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: SocialStructures
  topic: keywords
subject: QualitativeResearch
  topic: keywords
subject: IntegrationDynamics
  topic: keywords
creator: Nyirabwiza Cyprien
creator: Gakula Innocentie
creator: Kigeremwa Anyanganyiko
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-04-14
publication date: 2001-04-14
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18726843

Urban Heat Island Mitigation Strategies in Nairobi's Slums
type: item
description: Urban heat islands (UHIs) pose significant challenges to energy consumption and resident comfort in Nairobi's slums, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. A theoretical approach will be employed to outline potential UHI mitigation strategies, including solar shading, green roofs, and enhanced ventilation systems. Theoretical models will be developed based on existing literature and expert consultations. This theoretical framework provides a foundation for future empirical studies on UHI mitigation strategies in Nairobi’s slums, offering potential pathways for reducing energy consumption and enhancing comfort levels. Further research is recommended to validate the effectiveness of these strategies through controlled experimental settings and community engagement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kenyan
  topic: keywords
subject: UHIs
  topic: keywords
subject: GIS
  topic: keywords
subject: STS
  topic: keywords
subject: RECFM
  topic: keywords
subject: ABN
  topic: keywords
subject: LCA
  topic: keywords
creator: Mwanzia Kinyua
creator: Kihara Omondi
creator: Otim Mwangangi
creator: Wanyonyi Cheptoo
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-05-19
publication date: 2001-05-19
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18726791

Market Penetration and Financial Benefits of Precision Agriculture Technologies Among Kenyan Maize Producers
type: item
description: Precision agriculture technologies are increasingly being adopted by farmers in Kenya to enhance crop yields and reduce costs. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys and interviews with farmers to gather data on technology use and economic outcomes. Market penetration of precision agriculture technologies reached 35% among surveyed farmers in the study area. Farmers reported an average 20% increase in maize yields and a 15% reduction in input costs. The adoption of precision agriculture technologies is associated with significant economic benefits for Kenyan maize producers, warranting further policy support to facilitate wider uptake. Government policies should prioritise research on precision agriculture technologies and provide financial incentives to encourage their use by smallholder farmers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Precision Agriculture
  topic: keywords
subject: Adoption Studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Integrated Farming Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Participatory Rural Appraisal
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost-Benefit Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Wambugu Waiyega
creator: Chepkoech Kiprotich
creator: Odhiambo Okoth
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-08-09
publication date: 2000-08-09
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18706325

Cultural Adaptation and Resilience in Migrant Communities of Southern Africa
type: item
description: Migrant communities in Southern Africa face unique challenges related to cultural adaptation and resilience as they navigate new environments. This study employed ethnographic methods including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions to capture the experiences of migrants from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Participants reported a significant improvement in their proficiency in local languages over two years compared to baseline assessments, essential for social integration and economic participation. The study highlights the importance of cultural adaptation programmes that integrate language training and community engagement initiatives to support migrant resilience. Policy makers should invest in culturally sensitive educational resources and promote intercultural dialogue to enhance migrant well-being and social cohesion. Cultural Adaptation, Resilience, Migrant Communities, Southern Africa, Uganda
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Southern
  topic: keywords
subject: Adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: Resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: Communal
  topic: keywords
subject: Migration
  topic: keywords
subject: Ethnography
  topic: keywords
creator: James Nkwishi
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-04-15
publication date: 2000-04-15
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18706262