Environmental Justice Movements in Resource-Rich African Nations: An Action Research Study in Egypt,

Environmental Justice Movements (EJM) in resource-rich African nations have gained traction over recent decades, yet empirical research remains sparse and fragmented. Egypt exemplifies this trend with growing EJMs advocating for sustainable development and equitable access to natural resources. An action research approach was employed with structured interviews, focus groups, and document analysis among EJM activists, government officials, and community leaders. Data triangulation ensured robust insights into the socio-political landscape of environmental advocacy in Egypt. Findings revealed a significant proportion (35%) of Egyptian EJMs operate at national levels, aligning with resource-rich provinces such as the Nile Delta region. Community-based initiatives focused on water management and waste disposal accounted for over half of reported activities. This study highlights the multifaceted nature of environmental justice in Egypt, emphasising community-led efforts alongside governmental partnerships. Future research could benefit from longitudinal studies to track long-term impacts and policy implications. Policy makers should prioritise inclusive governance structures that incorporate EJM feedback mechanisms for sustainable resource management. Public education campaigns targeting youth are recommended to foster informed participation in environmental policies.