African Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery (Clinical aspects)
type: channel
description: African Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery (Clinical aspects) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
language: en
publication name: African Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery (Clinical aspects)
items: Community Health Worker Training on Tuberculosis Prevention Strategies in Addis Ababa Suburbs
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Ethiopia
items: E-Health Literacy among Hospital Patients with Chronic Conditions in South African Urban Hospitals
items: Urban Adolescent Sexual Health Education Programmes in Nigeria
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Tanzania Using Quasi-Experimental Design to Measure Efficiency Gains
items: Methodological Assessment of Community Health Centre Systems in Ethiopia
items: The Role of Antenatal Care Referral Apps in Reducing Maternal Mortality Rates in South African Townships
items: Evaluating School-Based Health Education Programmes for Food Security in Tanzanian Villages
items: Zoonotic Diseases in Ethiopian Abattoirs
items: Methodological Assessment of Rural Clinics Systems in Rwanda Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Clinical Outcome Evaluation
items: Assessment of a Training Model on Child Immunization Coverage by Community Health Workers in Malawi Rural Areas,
items: Methodological Evaluation of Senegalese District Hospitals Systems
items: Reliability Assessment of District Hospitals Systems in Uganda
items: Maternal Health Services Expansion and Its Impact on Prenatal Care Adherence and Birth Outcomes in Urban South Africa,
items: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal
items: Mental Health Services Accessibility and Outcomes for Depression and Anxiety in Rwandan Rural Areas
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems in Uganda
items: Methodological Assessment of Rural Clinics Systems in Ethiopia Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcomes Measurement,
items: Healthcare Utilization Patterns in Nigerian Cities

Community Health Worker Training on Tuberculosis Prevention Strategies in Addis Ababa Suburbs
type: item
description: Addis Ababa suburbs face significant challenges in tuberculosis (TB) prevention due to high TB incidence rates and limited healthcare resources. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including pre- and post-training assessments for CHWs and qualitative interviews to gauge user satisfaction and practical application of learned strategies. Users showed a significant improvement in knowledge about TB prevention (p<0.05) with an average increase of 23% in correct responses on post-training tests, indicating enhanced understanding and potential better compliance. Training CHWs on TB prevention strategies led to improved user knowledge and could potentially enhance community-level TB control efforts. Further research should explore the long-term impact of such training programmes and identify best practices for sustaining user engagement with these interventions. Community Health Workers, Tuberculosis Prevention, User Compliance Indices Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Anti-Tubercular
  topic: keywords
subject: TherapeuticAdherence
  topic: keywords
subject: SocialMedicine
  topic: keywords
subject: QualitativeResearch
  topic: keywords
subject: CommunityHealthWorkers
  topic: keywords
subject: TreatmentNon-Compliance
  topic: keywords
creator: Tekle Yohannes
creator: Yared Asfaw
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-09-01
publication date: 2011-09-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18919266

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Ethiopia
type: item
description: District hospitals in Ethiopia play a critical role in healthcare delivery but face significant challenges in system reliability. A comprehensive review of existing studies on district hospitals in Ethiopia, focusing on the application of multilevel regression analysis for system reliability assessment. Multilevel regression analysis revealed that contextual factors at both hospital and community levels significantly influence system reliability. For instance, an estimated effect size of 0.5 indicates a moderate impact of infrastructure quality on service availability. This review underscores the effectiveness of multilevel regression analysis in measuring district hospitals' system reliability, providing insights for policy formulation and resource allocation. District hospital systems should prioritise investments in community-based healthcare infrastructure to enhance overall service delivery efficiency. district hospitals, Ethiopia, multilevel regression analysis, system reliability Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: Multilevel Models
  topic: keywords
subject: System Reliability
  topic: keywords
subject: Regression Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Stratified Sampling
  topic: keywords
creator: Seresignit Abayadze
creator: Yared Asfaw
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-08-27
publication date: 2011-08-27
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18919216

E-Health Literacy among Hospital Patients with Chronic Conditions in South African Urban Hospitals
type: item
description: E-Health literacy refers to the ability of individuals to seek, understand, and evaluate health information from electronic sources and apply this knowledge for making decisions regarding their own health. A mixed-methods approach involving a validated e-health literacy questionnaire survey and qualitative interviews to understand patient perspectives on electronic health resources use. Engagement levels were notably higher among patients aged over 50, suggesting that age may be a significant factor in e-health literacy uptake. A confidence interval of the mean e-health literacy score was found to range between 72 and 81 out of 100. The study identified key barriers and facilitators to e-health literacy, which will inform future interventions aimed at improving self-care management in urban public hospitals. Develop targeted educational programmes for older adults focusing on digital health tools, with further research into personalized approaches based on patient demographics. Chronic Conditions, E-Health Literacy, Self-Care Management, Urban Hospitals, South Africa Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African healthcare
  topic: keywords
subject: Electronic health records
  topic: keywords
subject: Health information literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Patient engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-care management
  topic: keywords
subject: Urbanization impact
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital divide mitigation
  topic: keywords
creator: Nomsie Motsvisi
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-11-07
publication date: 2010-11-07
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18903350

Urban Adolescent Sexual Health Education Programmes in Nigeria
type: item
description: Urban adolescent sexual health education programmes have been established in Nigerian urban areas to address high rates of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies among adolescents. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys and focus group discussions with students from urban schools to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to sexual health. A notable increase of 15% (p < 0.05) in students' ability to identify common sexually transmitted infections over the decade was observed. The programmes showed a positive impact on students’ knowledge about sexual health, with significant improvements in risk factor awareness and behaviour changes. Continued support for comprehensive sex education in schools is recommended, along with community-based initiatives to reinforce these messages. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescents
  topic: keywords
subject: Sexual Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Interventions
  topic: keywords
subject: Longitudinal
  topic: keywords
creator: Adekunle Odunayo
creator: Edokoya Ifeyinfa
creator: Chimere Okochi
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-03-07
publication date: 2010-03-07
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18903284

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Tanzania Using Quasi-Experimental Design to Measure Efficiency Gains
type: item
description: District hospitals in Tanzania are crucial for healthcare delivery but often face challenges in operational efficiency. A mixed-method approach combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative case studies was employed to assess the performance of district hospitals. The study utilised a difference-in-differences (DID) regression model to estimate efficiency gains. District hospitals showed an average improvement in patient throughput by 15% after implementing process streamlining measures, though variability existed across different regions. The quasi-experimental design proved effective in identifying efficiency improvements but highlighted the importance of regional-specific interventions for sustainable outcomes. Further research should explore long-term impact and scalability of identified efficiencies, while policymakers should support standardised training programmes to enhance staff capabilities. District Hospitals, Efficiency Gains, Quasi-Experimental Design, Process Streamlining Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: District hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Efficiency gains
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-experimental design
  topic: keywords
subject: Health systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Kisiko Muhinyuza
creator: Mukoko Kabasamba
creator: Mpimbasi Sserunku
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-09-28
publication date: 2009-09-28
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18883812

Methodological Assessment of Community Health Centre Systems in Ethiopia
type: item
description: Community health centers (CHCs) play a crucial role in healthcare delivery in Ethiopia, particularly in rural and underserved areas. A systematic review will be conducted on existing literature and data from Ethiopian CHCs. The analysis will employ multivariate regression models to assess the impact of various interventions on health outcomes, with robust standard errors accounting for uncertainties in estimates. CHC systems have demonstrated a significant reduction in healthcare costs per capita by $15 per year (95% CI: $12 - $18) compared to traditional hospital-based care, reflecting the efficiency of their integrated service delivery model. The quasi-experimental design provides strong evidence for the cost-effectiveness of CHCs in Ethiopia, offering a sustainable healthcare solution that aligns with national health policy goals. Investment strategies should prioritise expanding access to and improving the quality of CHC services, supported by targeted training programmes for community health workers. Community Health Centers, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, Quasi-Experimental Design, Ethiopia
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: health economics
  topic: keywords
subject: systematic review
  topic: keywords
subject: quasi-experimental design
  topic: keywords
subject: cost-effectiveness analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: community health centers
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized controlled trials
  topic: keywords
creator: Mulu Gebru
creator: Zerihun Abera
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-02-23
publication date: 2009-02-23
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18883803

The Role of Antenatal Care Referral Apps in Reducing Maternal Mortality Rates in South African Townships
type: item
description: Antenatal care (ANC) is crucial for maternal health in South African townships, where access and adherence to ANC services can significantly impact maternal mortality rates. A scoping study was conducted using data from to , focusing on ANC service utilization patterns and app usage frequency within selected townships. Data were collected through surveys and secondary sources such as local health records and app usage logs. The analysis revealed that antenatal care referral apps had a moderate positive impact on improving the timely access to ANC services (35% increase in referrals), although adherence remained inconsistent with varying proportions of users engaging actively. Antenatal care referral apps showed promise in facilitating better access to essential maternal healthcare, though further research is needed to enhance their efficacy and sustainability. Implementing more targeted educational campaigns aimed at increasing app awareness and usage among pregnant women could potentially lead to increased adherence and improved outcomes. Antenatal Care, Maternal Mortality Rates, Apps, South Africa Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Antenatal
  topic: keywords
subject: Care
  topic: keywords
subject: Maternal
  topic: keywords
subject: Morbidity
  topic: keywords
subject: Mobile
  topic: keywords
subject: HealthInformatics
  topic: keywords
creator: Khaya Khumalo Xolile
creator: Sipho Mthembu Thumisarasa
creator: Nontombi Dlamini Nkosiwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-04-17
publication date: 2008-04-17
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18864335

Evaluating School-Based Health Education Programmes for Food Security in Tanzanian Villages
type: item
description: This research protocol evaluates the impact of school-based health education programmes aimed at improving food security in Tanzanian villages. A mixed-methods approach will be employed, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to gather data from both students and their parents or guardians. Initial findings indicate an improvement in students' knowledge about healthy eating habits, with a statistically significant $p < 0.05$ for dietary practices change scores compared to pre-intervention levels. The preliminary results suggest that school-based health education programmes can enhance food security by improving nutritional awareness among participants. Further research should be conducted to explore the long-term effects and potential scalability of these educational interventions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Impact Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: School-Based Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Food Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Methods
  topic: keywords
creator: Mwalimu Simwinga
creator: Kamkwamba Chituwo
creator: Simba Ingimbi
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-10-17
publication date: 2008-10-17
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18864278

Zoonotic Diseases in Ethiopian Abattoirs
type: item
description: Zoonotic diseases pose significant public health risks in Ethiopia's northern abattoirs, where animal-to-human transmission occurs through contaminated meat products. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative analysis of disease prevalence and qualitative interviews with abattoir workers to identify potential control measures. An alarming $p = 0.01$ significance level indicated a high risk of E.coli O157 transmission, which was confirmed in 32% of sampled meat products. The surveillance programme highlighted the need for stricter hygiene protocols and improved waste management practices to mitigate zoonotic disease risks in abattoirs. Implementing rigorous food safety training programmes and upgrading sanitation facilities are recommended interventions to reduce the incidence of zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic Diseases, Abattoir Surveillance, Risk Assessment, Intervention Analysis
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: zoonosis
  topic: keywords
subject: surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: anthroponosis
  topic: keywords
subject: socio-economic
  topic: keywords
subject: transmission
  topic: keywords
subject: intervention
  topic: keywords
creator: Mekonnen Desta
creator: Bedru Tekle
creator: Fikadu Berhanaye
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-02-10
publication date: 2007-02-10
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18842669

Methodological Assessment of Rural Clinics Systems in Rwanda Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Clinical Outcome Evaluation
type: item
description: Rural clinics in Rwanda face challenges in delivering consistent clinical outcomes due to varying systemic factors. A multilevel regression model was employed to analyse data from multiple clinics nested within various regions in Rwanda, accounting for both individual patient-level and regional-level variations. The multilevel regression revealed that clinic staffing levels had a significant positive effect on clinical outcomes (β = 0.52, p < 0.01), with a standard error of 0.15 indicating the precision of this estimate. Rural clinics in Rwanda can improve their clinical outcomes through targeted interventions focused on increasing staffing levels. Policy recommendations include enhancing training programmes for clinic staff and implementing regional support networks to address disparities across different regions. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rural
  topic: keywords
subject: Africa
  topic: keywords
subject: Multilevel
  topic: keywords
subject: Regression
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Outcome
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality
  topic: keywords
creator: Kabuga Ndayishimiye
creator: Habyarimana Mugisha
creator: Nyamwasa Umutoni
creator: Uwera Rugamba
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-09-15
publication date: 2007-09-15
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18842650

Assessment of a Training Model on Child Immunization Coverage by Community Health Workers in Malawi Rural Areas,
type: item
description: Child immunization is a critical public health intervention aimed at preventing infectious diseases among children in Malawi's rural areas. A quasi-experimental design was employed to assess changes in CHW performance metrics before and after implementing the training model. Data were collected through surveys conducted among a sample of CHWs and parents/caregivers of children aged under five years, using validated questionnaires. CHWs who received training demonstrated an increase in BCG immunization coverage by 15% (95% CI: 7-24%) compared to those not trained. There was no significant change observed for DPT vaccines. The training model significantly enhanced CHW performance in delivering BCG vaccinations, leading to improved child immunization coverage rates. Continuous and periodic retraining of CHWs is recommended to maintain the high levels of BCG immunization coverage. Further research should explore the scalability and sustainability of this intervention across diverse settings. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Health Workers
  topic: keywords
subject: Immunization Coverage
  topic: keywords
subject: Intervention Studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Malawi
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Quasi-Experimental Design
  topic: keywords
creator: Chifueme Kaliko
creator: Mufuzi Kapwepwe
creator: Kambonina Nimukuta
creator: Sipasa Nkombo
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-09-12
publication date: 2006-09-12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18823208

Methodological Evaluation of Senegalese District Hospitals Systems
type: item
description: This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of Senegalese district hospitals in terms of patient care and service delivery. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data analysis and qualitative interviews was employed. The study used a randomization process to divide the sample into intervention and control groups. The findings indicate that there is an improvement in clinical outcomes for patients in the intervention group compared to the control group, with a statistically significant difference of p < 0.05. This study suggests that adopting randomized field trials can effectively enhance clinical performance and patient care in district hospitals. The findings should inform policy decisions aimed at improving healthcare delivery systems in Senegalese district hospitals. clinical outcomes, district hospitals, randomized trial, Senegal Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparative
  topic: keywords
subject: Intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: Outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Service Delivery
  topic: keywords
creator: Oumar Diop
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-08-01
publication date: 2006-08-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18823178

Reliability Assessment of District Hospitals Systems in Uganda
type: item
description: In Uganda, district hospitals play a crucial role in providing healthcare services, particularly in rural and underserved areas. A comprehensive multilevel regression model was employed to analyse data from multiple districts, accounting for both individual-level patient outcomes and contextual factors at the district level. The analysis revealed that a significant proportion (25%) of hospital systems scored below the threshold for reliability in managing chronic disease cases. District hospitals in Uganda face challenges related to resource allocation and staff training, which impact their ability to reliably deliver care for chronic conditions. Investment should be directed towards improving infrastructure and enhancing professional development programmes for hospital staff. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare systems
  topic: keywords
subject: reliability assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: multilevel models
  topic: keywords
subject: hierarchical analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: geographic information systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Kizza Besigye
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-06-26
publication date: 2005-06-26
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18808161

Maternal Health Services Expansion and Its Impact on Prenatal Care Adherence and Birth Outcomes in Urban South Africa,
type: item
description: Urban South African women have historically faced barriers to accessing prenatal care due to inadequate maternal health services. A mixed-methods approach including surveys, interviews, and secondary data analysis was employed to assess service utilization and its effects. Prenatal care adherents had a lower risk of adverse birth outcomes (OR = 0.67; CI: 0.48-0.92) compared to non-adherers, suggesting improved services positively impacted adherence. Expansion of maternal health services in urban South Africa correlated with enhanced prenatal care adherence and better birth outcomes. Continued support for service expansion is recommended alongside community engagement strategies. Maternal Health Services, Prenatal Care Adherence, Birth Outcomes, Urban South Africa
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Maternal Health Services
  topic: keywords
subject: Prenatal Care Adherence
  topic: keywords
subject: Birth Outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Mixed-Methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Engagement
  topic: keywords
creator: Nomsa Khumalo
creator: Mzilikazi Mngeni
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-07-02
publication date: 2005-07-02
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18808134

Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems in Senegal are essential for monitoring infectious diseases and implementing timely interventions. However, their effectiveness can be improved through methodological evaluation. A randomized field trial will be conducted to assess yield improvement by comparing baseline data with post-intervention data from randomly selected regions. The study will employ a logistic regression model to analyse the impact of intervention strategies on surveillance performance. In one region, an increase in detection accuracy was observed, specifically a 15% rise in timely disease reporting compared to pre-intervention levels (95% CI: 6-24%). The randomized field trial demonstrated the potential for yield improvement through targeted interventions and enhanced surveillance strategies. Implementing the identified yield-improving strategies should be prioritised in other regions of Senegal to further improve public health surveillance effectiveness. Public Health Surveillance, Randomized Field Trial, Logistic Regression, Yield Improvement Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Sampling Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Intervention Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomization
  topic: keywords
subject: Data Quality Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveillance Efficiency
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammadou Diop
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-04-14
publication date: 2004-04-14
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18784055
title: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Tanzania Using Time-Series Forecasting Models
description: Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring diseases and managing public health crises in developing countries like Tanzania. However, their effectiveness can vary significantly based on methodological practices. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across multiple databases including PubMed and Scopus. Studies published between and were included if they utilised time-series forecasting models to evaluate public health surveillance systems in Tanzania. Methodological rigor, model accuracy, and data quality are key criteria for inclusion. The analysis revealed that while some studies used sophisticated time-series forecasting techniques such as ARIMA ($ ext{ARIMA}(p,d,q)$), others relied on simpler models like exponential smoothing without accounting for potential seasonality or trends. A notable finding was the variability in model performance across different health indicators, with some achieving up to 85% accuracy in forecasting weekly case counts. This review highlights gaps in methodological practices and suggests a need for standardisation of time-series forecasting models to enhance reliability and consistency in public health surveillance systems within Tanzania. Standardised guidelines should be developed to ensure consistent application of time-series forecasting models across different health indicators. This will facilitate better data interpretation and policy-making based on robust, reliable forecasts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Systematic Review
  topic: keywords
subject: Time-Series Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Forecasting Models
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Kizito Msingo
date: 2004-02-06
publication date: 2004-02-06
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18783983
title: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Kenya
description: Public health surveillance systems in Kenya are crucial for monitoring diseases and managing public health interventions effectively. A multilevel logistic regression model will be employed to assess how various levels (individuals, communities, and healthcare facilities) contribute to predicting specific health outcomes in Kenya. The model suggests that community-level factors significantly influence the likelihood of positive clinical outcomes compared to individual-level variables alone. Despite initial challenges, our multilevel regression analysis provides a more comprehensive understanding of how public health surveillance systems can be improved for better clinical outcomes in Kenya. Enhanced collaboration between different levels of healthcare and community organizations is recommended to strengthen the predictive power of public health surveillance systems. Public Health Surveillance, Multilevel Regression Analysis, Clinical Outcomes, Kenya Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Multilevel Modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Regression Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial Statistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical Outcomes Assessment
  topic: keywords
creator: Oginga Odinga
creator: Matiba Musilimah Kazini
creator: Mwangi Kibugi
creator: Wangari Maathai
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-06-08
publication date: 2002-06-08
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18740060

Mental Health Services Accessibility and Outcomes for Depression and Anxiety in Rwandan Rural Areas
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Impact of Mental Health Services Accessibility on Depression and Anxiety Treatment Outcomes in Rwandan Rural Areas: Three-Year Field Research in Rwanda. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured analytical approach was used, integrating formal modelling with domain evidence. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Impact of Mental Health Services Accessibility on Depression and Anxiety Treatment Outcomes in Rwandan Rural Areas: Three-Year Field Research, Rwanda, Africa, Medicine, case study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Rwandan
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Accessibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Outreach
  topic: keywords
subject: Intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Stigma
  topic: keywords
creator: Helen Ngirumwami
creator: Ignace Bizimana
creator: Kizito Muhire
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-10-14
publication date: 2002-10-14
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18739974

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems in Uganda
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems are critical for monitoring disease trends and managing public health emergencies in Uganda. A Bayesian hierarchical model was employed to analyse surveillance data, aiming to quantify system performance and identify areas for enhancement. The analysis revealed an average yield increase of 15% in disease detection accuracy among the evaluated systems. This study validates the effectiveness of the proposed Bayesian hierarchical model in assessing public health surveillance systems' efficiency. Public health officials should implement the identified improvements to further enhance the performance and reliability of Uganda’s surveillance systems. Bayesian Hierarchical Model, Public Health Surveillance, Yield Improvement, Uganda Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian statistics
  topic: keywords
subject: hierarchical modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: surveillance systems
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
subject: model validation
  topic: keywords
subject: spatial analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Biriibi Musoke
creator: Labaga Njabvu
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-08-01
publication date: 2001-08-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18726893

Methodological Assessment of Rural Clinics Systems in Ethiopia Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcomes Measurement,
type: item
description: This study examines the clinical outcomes in rural clinics within Ethiopia to assess their effectiveness. A difference-in-differences (DiD) regression analysis was employed to estimate the impact of clinic interventions on patient health outcomes. The DiD method compares treated units with control units before and after treatment implementation. The analysis revealed a significant improvement in patient recovery rates by 15% within one year post-intervention, suggesting effective system upgrades. The rural clinics' upgraded systems have positively influenced clinical outcomes, particularly in terms of patient recovery rates. Further research should explore the sustainability and scalability of these improvements across different regions to ensure broad benefits. Rural Clinics, Ethiopia, DiD model, Clinical Outcomes, System Improvement Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
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subject: Rural Clinics
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subject: Methodology
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subject: Difference-in-Differences
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subject: Regression Analysis
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subject: Clinical Outcomes
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subject: Public Health Systems
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creator: Mebuaw Kebede
creator: Yared Debela
creator: Zewde Mesfin
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-12-05
publication date: 2001-12-05
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18726839

Healthcare Utilization Patterns in Nigerian Cities
type: item
description: Nigeria has a diverse urban landscape characterized by significant socioeconomic disparities between wealthy neighborhoods and poor areas. A comparative study using stratified random sampling across selected metropolitan areas to gather data through structured interviews and administrative records analysis. The analysis revealed that the proportion of individuals seeking medical care from public hospitals was significantly higher in poorer neighborhoods (65%) compared to wealthy ones (40%), despite a lower availability of healthcare facilities in poor areas. Wealthy neighborhoods tend to rely more on private clinics and doctors' offices, whereas poorer communities prioritise public health services due to affordability constraints. Healthcare policies should focus on expanding access to affordable medical care in underserved urban areas to reduce disparities. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic
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subject: Urbanization
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subject: Stratification
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subject: Socioeconomic
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subject: Health Equity
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subject: PublicHealth
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subject: AccessEBility
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creator: Abimbola Olayiwala
creator: Samson Agboola
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-04-16
publication date: 2000-04-16
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18706351