Methodological Evaluation of Rural Clinics Systems in Ghana: A Systematic Literature Review

Rural healthcare in Ghana faces significant challenges, including inadequate infrastructure and resources. A comprehensive search of medical literature databases was conducted using specific keywords. Methodological quality assessment tools were applied to selected studies for robust evaluation. Findings suggest that a majority (80%) of the reviewed studies utilised randomized field trials, with significant variability in sample sizes and baseline characteristics. The review highlights the importance of standardised methodologies in rural clinic evaluations to ensure reliable clinical outcome measurements. Standardization of protocols is recommended for future research in Ghanaian rural clinics to enhance comparability and generalizability of results. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.