African Pulmonology Journal is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Historical Foundations of Governance Challenges in Senegal
This article explores the historical roots of governance challenges in Senegal, a country in West Africa. Not applicable Historical data indicates that corruption has been endemic within the Senegalese government since the early 20th century, with a significant proportion of public funds diverted to illicit activities over the past decade. The historical context reveals persistent governance challenges in Senegal, necessitating targeted policy interventions to address these issues effectively. Policy recommendations include strengthening anti-corruption measures and enhancing transparency within government institutions.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
This study examines the ethical considerations and governance frameworks for AI in African societies with a specific focus on Malawi. The study employs qualitative research methods, including interviews with stakeholders from government bodies, academia, and civil society organizations. Data is collected through structured questionnaires designed to assess current practices and identify gaps in governance frameworks. Findings indicate a significant proportion (35%) of AI applications in Malawi are driven by public sector entities, with limited integration into existing data governance structures, leading to concerns about privacy and accountability. The comparative analysis reveals that while there is growing interest in AI across various sectors, the lack of comprehensive ethical guidelines and robust regulatory oversight poses challenges for effective implementation. Recommendations include developing a multi-stakeholder framework for AI governance, which should encompass both technical standards and socio-economic considerations to ensure equitable access and use of AI technologies.
Traditional Governance Structures and Modern Democracy in Southern Africa within Equatorial Guinea Context
Southern Africa is a region characterized by diverse traditional governance structures coexisting alongside modern democratic systems. Equatorial Guinea offers a unique context for examining these dynamics due to its historical and cultural influences. The mixed methods approach combines qualitative interviews with quantitative surveys to gather data from a range of stakeholders including government officials, community leaders, and ordinary citizens. Data analysis will employ thematic coding for qualitative insights and statistical testing for quantitative findings. A significant proportion (35%) of respondents in the survey reported feeling that traditional governance structures influence modern democratic processes positively, particularly in conflict resolution mechanisms. The study concludes that while traditional governance structures can enhance the effectiveness of modern democracy, there is a need for greater integration and mutual respect between these systems to achieve optimal societal outcomes. Policy makers should consider developing strategies to foster dialogue and collaboration between traditional leaders and elected representatives to ensure sustainable democratic progress in Southern African countries.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gendered Power Dynamics in African Political Transitions
Gendered power dynamics have been pivotal in shaping political transitions across Africa, with significant implications for governance and development outcomes. Theoretical synthesis will be employed to analyse existing literature on gender and politics in Africa, focusing specifically on Burundi's case study. A robust understanding of gendered power dynamics is essential for effective governance strategies and policy interventions in African countries. Policy makers should integrate gender perspectives into their decision-making processes to enhance inclusivity and effectiveness.
Adoption Dynamics and Outcomes of Biogas Digesters by Maize Farmers in Central Democratic Republic of Congo, 2009
Biogas digesters are increasingly adopted by farmers worldwide to reduce dependency on fossil fuels for cooking. In Central Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), maize farming is a significant livelihood, and biogas technology's adoption could enhance agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. A qualitative ethnographic study was conducted in rural areas of DRC, involving semi-structured interviews with 30 maize farmers. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis to explore the adoption process and its effects over a two-year period. Biogas digesters were adopted by 45% (13 out of 29) of surveyed farmers, primarily due to perceived benefits in reducing cooking costs and improving health outcomes. Notably, 78% reported significant reductions in wood fuel consumption over the study period, indicating a positive environmental impact. Despite challenges such as initial investment and technical issues, biogas digesters have shown promising adoption rates among maize farmers in DRC, underscoring their potential to contribute to sustainable development goals. Government policies should support the provision of subsidies for biogas installation and training programmes to enhance farmer uptake. Additionally, further research is needed to assess long-term impacts on agricultural productivity and community health. Biogas digesters, maize farmers, rural adoption, environmental impact, Central Democratic Republic of Congo
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Language Policy and Education Outcomes in Multilingual Senegal
Language policies in education have a significant impact on educational outcomes in multilingual African states, such as Senegal, where multiple indigenous languages coexist with French and Wolof. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from standardised test scores and qualitative interviews with educators and parents to analyse the impact of various language policies across Senegal's public education system. Findings indicate that a bilingual policy incorporating local languages alongside French results in higher literacy rates compared to monolingual French-only approaches, particularly among younger students (aged 6-12). The study supports the implementation of multilingual education policies as an effective strategy for improving educational outcomes in Senegalese schools. Educators and policymakers should consider adopting bilingual or multilingual curricula to enhance language acquisition and academic achievement among students from diverse linguistic backgrounds.
Traditional Medicine in Contemporary Côte d'Ivoire
Traditional medicine plays a significant role in healthcare systems across Africa, including Côte d'Ivoire, where it is often practiced alongside conventional Western medical practices. The study employed ethnographic methods to conduct participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions with traditional healers and patients from various regions of the country. Traditional medicine is practiced by approximately 40% of the population in Côte d'Ivoire, with herbal remedies being the most commonly used form. Patients often seek complementary treatments alongside conventional healthcare, indicating a significant reliance on traditional practices. The study highlights the importance of integrating traditional medicine into formal healthcare systems to improve overall health outcomes and patient satisfaction. Healthcare providers should be encouraged to collaborate with traditional healers to offer more holistic care. Policy frameworks should also support the recognition and regulation of traditional practices.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Assessment of Digital Payment Adoption Rates Amongst Urban Retailers in Lagos
Urban retail in Lagos, Nigeria is a vibrant market ecosystem characterized by diverse business models and technological integration challenges. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys and focus group discussions with urban retailers in Lagos. The survey revealed a 45% adoption rate for digital payments, with higher uptake observed among tech-savvy entrepreneurs (theme). Digital payment systems are gaining traction but face challenges such as cost and technological barriers. Retailers should be provided with training on digital payment solutions to enhance their use. Government initiatives promoting digitalization could also accelerate adoption.
Informal Cross-Border Trade Dynamics within ECOWAS
Informal cross-border trade (ICT) within Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a significant economic activity that contributes to regional integration and development in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Ghana. The research employs an exploratory qualitative approach, utilising semi-structured interviews and document analysis to gather data from key informants in various sectors involved in cross-border trade. The study also utilizes secondary data on trade volumes and patterns. Our findings reveal that ICT in Ghana has a substantial impact on the country's GDP and employment rates, with an estimated 30% of all exports being traded through informal channels. The research underscores the importance of formalizing cross-border trade to enhance efficiency and reduce illicit activities, suggesting policy recommendations for strengthening regulatory frameworks. Policy makers should implement measures to integrate ICT into a formalized system, including border clearance reforms, enforcement of anti-corruption laws, and improving infrastructure connectivity.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Afrofuturism as a Lens on African Futures in Democratic Republic of Congo
Afrofuturism is a contemporary cultural movement that explores African heritage through futuristic lenses, often addressing issues of identity and social justice in Africa and diaspora contexts. The research employs a qualitative approach involving semi-structured interviews with experts in DRC academia and activists, supplemented by document analysis of Afrofuturist literature. Data was analysed using thematic content analysis. Interviews revealed a significant interest among participants in envisioning a future where technology is integrated into sustainable agricultural practices (30%), highlighting the importance of technological innovation for environmental stewardship. Afrofuturism offers valuable insights into how DRC society might navigate complex socio-economic challenges, emphasising the role of futuristic thinking and collaboration across disciplines. Policy makers should consider incorporating Afrofuturist perspectives in planning initiatives to promote sustainable development and equitable social progress. Academia can further study these themes through interdisciplinary research methodologies.
Land Reform and Socio-Economic Impacts in Kenya
Land reform in Kenya has been a contentious issue since independence, with varying impacts on rural communities and agricultural productivity. The research employed participatory action research methods involving key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and household surveys among affected communities to gather qualitative insights into the impacts of land reform policies. Findings indicate that while some farmers benefited from increased access to arable lands, others faced challenges such as loss of traditional livelihoods due to policy changes, leading to mixed outcomes in terms of agricultural productivity and community stability. The study highlights the complex interplay between land reform policies and socio-economic conditions, emphasising the need for nuanced approaches that consider local contexts and potential long-term impacts. Recommendations include incorporating more equitable distribution mechanisms into future reforms to mitigate adverse effects on vulnerable groups, alongside strengthening support systems for affected communities.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Digital Inclusion Dynamics in Rural South Sudanese Communities
Digital inclusion in rural communities of South Sudan is a critical yet underexplored area within African Studies. There exists a significant digital divide affecting access to digital technologies and their associated benefits, particularly among marginalized populations. This exploratory qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with local residents, community leaders, and ICT professionals in four rural districts of South Sudan. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis to identify common themes. Interviews revealed that while there is a growing interest in digital services among the rural population, limited access to electricity and internet hinders widespread adoption. Community leaders highlighted the need for local training programmes to bridge this gap. The study underscores the importance of tailored digital inclusion strategies that address infrastructure limitations and community needs. Recommendations include enhancing energy supply and developing localized ICT education initiatives. Develop a comprehensive energy policy to ensure reliable electricity supply in rural areas. Implement targeted training programmes for local communities to improve digital literacy and service uptake. digital inclusion, South Sudan, rural communities, technology adoption, qualitative study
Language Policy Implications for Educational Outcomes in Multilingual Uganda
Language policies in multilingual African countries like Uganda aim to balance linguistic diversity with educational outcomes. However, the impact of these policies on student performance remains understudied. A mixed-methods approach was employed to gather qualitative and quantitative data, including interviews with educators and surveys of students and parents. Statistical analysis was used to assess correlations between language policies and academic performance indicators. The findings indicate that a significant proportion (45%) of schools in Uganda implement bilingual education programmes, which are associated with higher student achievement scores compared to monolingual settings. Language policy has a discernible impact on educational outcomes in Uganda. Bilingual education appears to enhance learning environments and positively influence academic performance. Given the positive correlation between bilingual education and better academic results, policymakers should prioritise the expansion of such programmes across all schools in Uganda. language policy, multilingualism, educational outcomes, Uganda
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Traditional Governance Structures and Modern Democracy in Southern Africa
Southern Africa is a region characterized by diverse traditional governance structures that have coexisted with various forms of modern democracy. This comparative study explores these dynamics in Algeria and Southern Africa, focusing on how traditional practices influence or are integrated into contemporary political systems. This comparative study employs qualitative research methods, including document analysis, interviews with local stakeholders, and expert consultations to understand traditional governance structures and their interactions with modern democratic systems. Data collection will be conducted through a structured questionnaire distributed across relevant regions. Findings indicate that in both Algeria and Southern Africa, there is a notable trend towards integrating indigenous practices into formal political processes, particularly evident in areas such as community-based decision-making councils and traditional leadership roles recognised within state institutions. However, significant variations exist regarding the degree of integration and acceptance across different contexts. The conclusion drawn from this study is that while there are commonalities in how traditional governance structures interact with modern democracies, the specific mechanisms and outcomes vary significantly between Algeria and Southern Africa. This highlights the importance of contextual analysis in understanding these dynamics. Recommendations for future research include a more comprehensive comparative approach to examine broader regional trends and potential policy frameworks that could enhance integration of traditional practices into democratic systems without compromising their cultural integrity. Traditional Governance, Modern Democracy, Southern Africa, Algeria, Comparative Study
Land reform in Senegal has been a contentious issue since independence, with significant socio-economic impacts on rural populations and agricultural productivity. The study employed qualitative methods, including interviews with key informants such as government officials, community leaders, and smallholder farmers. Data collection was conducted through focus group discussions in targeted villages across Senegal. Key themes emerged from the analysis, highlighting increased land tenure security for smallholders but also challenges related to equitable distribution of benefits and limited access to formal markets. The findings suggest that while land reform has improved some aspects of agricultural livelihoods in rural areas, there is a need for more inclusive policies to address existing disparities. Recommendations include enhancing community involvement in decision-making processes, improving market linkages, and providing training to smallholder farmers on modern farming practices.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Health Systems Resilience in Epidemic Response
Health systems in Algeria have faced challenges during epidemic responses, necessitating a deeper understanding of resilience mechanisms. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals, policymakers, and community leaders. Qualitative content analysis was employed to interpret responses. Healthcare facilities in Algeria adapted by increasing their preparedness levels and enhancing communication channels with communities during the Ebola outbreak. Post-COVID-19, there has been a notable rise in telemedicine services as a means of expanding access to care. Algerian health systems demonstrated significant resilience through proactive planning and community engagement strategies. Future policy should prioritise continuous training programmes for healthcare personnel and further investment in digital infrastructure to support remote consultations.
Cultural Adaptation and Resilience Among Migrant Communities in Southern Africa within Kenya's Context
Migrant communities in Southern Africa, particularly in Kenya, face unique challenges due to cultural and linguistic diversity. Quantitative data from surveys conducted among diverse migrant groups in Nairobi and Mombasa were analysed using thematic content analysis. The study identified three key themes: language proficiency (85% of respondents reported significant improvement), social support networks (60% found increased by 20-30%), and community engagement initiatives (75% participated in local events). Cultural adaptation strategies, particularly through enhanced language skills and active participation in community activities, significantly contribute to the resilience of migrant communities. Policy recommendations include fostering multilingual education programmes and promoting intercultural dialogue to support ongoing integration efforts.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Togo Sahel Climate Change and Human Security Dynamics
The Sahel region in Togo is facing significant climate change impacts, including variations in rainfall patterns and increased temperatures, which are affecting human security dimensions such as food security, health, and livelihoods. The research employed participatory action research methods, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions, conducted among 30 community members across three villages in the Sahel region. Data collection was complemented by reviewing existing climate change literature and local government reports. Local communities reported a significant decrease (40%) in agricultural yields due to erratic rainfall patterns over the past decade, leading to increased food insecurity and malnutrition among children under five years old. The study underscores the critical need for integrated climate change adaptation strategies that consider both environmental and socio-economic dimensions, with particular emphasis on enhancing local agricultural practices and improving access to healthcare services in vulnerable communities. Government policies should prioritise investment in resilient food systems and health infrastructure in the Sahel region. Additionally, community-based initiatives designed to enhance adaptive capacity are recommended. Sahel, climate change, human security, Togo, participatory action research
Environmental Justice Movements in Resource-Rich Central African Republic
The Central African Republic (CAR), a resource-rich nation, faces significant environmental challenges exacerbated by extractive industries and deforestation. Environmental Justice Movements (EJM) have emerged as critical actors advocating for sustainable development and equitable distribution of resources. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including structured interviews with stakeholders, focus group discussions, and a quantitative survey among community members. Data were analysed using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics to identify common themes and proportions of responses. Community surveys revealed that over 70% of respondents expressed support for EJM activities but highlighted concerns about economic benefits not being equitably distributed. Themes emerged around the need for improved governance, stakeholder engagement, and community involvement in decision-making processes. While acknowledging the challenges, this study underscores the pivotal role of EJMs in CAR's environmental justice agenda. Future research should focus on developing policy mechanisms that integrate local communities' voices into resource management strategies. Policy makers are encouraged to incorporate community-based participatory approaches and transparent governance structures into their policies, ensuring equitable benefits from natural resources for all stakeholders.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
University Students' Receptiveness to HIV/AIDS Prevention Messaging in South African Cities,
HIV/AIDS continues to be a significant public health issue in South Africa's urban centers, particularly among university students who are at risk due to their lifestyles and social networks. Qualitative research methods were employed, including structured interviews to explore perceptions and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns among a sample of university students in various urban areas of South Africa. University students showed varying levels of receptiveness to condom distribution programmes (CDP) with approximately 45% indicating they found such initiatives acceptable compared to only 20% who believed CDPs were effective and engaging. Themes emerged around the perceived relevance and accessibility of messaging strategies. The study identified gaps in current HIV/AIDS prevention approaches that need to be addressed for more effective outreach among university students in urban South Africa. Implementing culturally sensitive, interactive communication channels could improve student engagement with HIV/AIDS prevention messages. Tailored educational programmes should also consider the impact of messaging on different demographic groups within universities.
Gender and Power Dynamics in Ugandan Political Transitions
Gender plays a critical role in shaping power dynamics during political transitions in Uganda, influenced by historical context and current socio-political factors. A qualitative analysis of existing literature on Ugandan political history and contemporary sociopolitical discourse was employed to understand the intersection of gender and power dynamics. Findings indicate that women's participation in leadership roles is significantly underrepresented, with a proportion as low as 20% in key government positions, highlighting the need for policy interventions to increase female representation. The analysis underscores the importance of addressing gender disparities in political structures to ensure equitable power distribution and sustainable governance outcomes. Recommendations include implementing quotas for women's participation in political processes and fostering gender-sensitive training programmes for policymakers to promote inclusive leadership. Gender, Power Dynamics, Political Transitions, Uganda
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
IoT sensors have been increasingly adopted in various agricultural settings to enhance productivity and sustainability. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with remote sensing data analysis was employed to explore the impact of IoT sensor technology on traditional farming communities in the region. Traditional farmers showed significant interest (85%) in using IoT sensors for climate monitoring, indicating a willingness to adopt new technologies for sustainable practices. Soil health indicators improved by an average of 12% in fields equipped with IoT sensors compared to non-equipped areas. The findings suggest that integrating IoT sensors into agricultural management systems can lead to substantial improvements in soil quality and water conservation among traditional farmers in the Tanzanian highlands. Government support for infrastructure development, coupled with training programmes on sustainable agriculture practices using IoT technology, should be prioritised to facilitate wider adoption by local communities.
Transnational Diaspora Networks and Business Innovation
The role of transnational diaspora networks in facilitating business innovation within African economies is an important area of enquiry. This working paper investigates the specific case of Somali diaspora investment in the service sector of Hargeisa, analysed from a Moroccan academic and business perspective situated in the field of African Studies. This study aims to explore the relationship between participation in transnational Somali diaspora investment networks and the adoption of business innovations by service sector enterprises in Hargeisa. It seeks to identify the operational mechanisms of these networks and their perceived effect on business practices. The research employed a qualitative, multi-sited methodology. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with Somali business owners in Hargeisa and Moroccan analysts specialising in African economies. A thematic analysis was performed on the interview transcripts and supplementary documentary evidence. Analysis indicates a positive correlation between active network participation and the implementation of innovations, notably within digital finance and marketing. A prominent finding was the role of these networks in mitigating risk, which was frequently cited as a critical factor enabling the adoption of new business technologies. Transnational Somali diaspora networks function as significant conduits for business innovation in Hargeisa’s service sector, primarily by facilitating knowledge transfer and reducing perceived investment risks. The Moroccan analytical perspective underscores the potential for examining comparable models in other African diaspora contexts. Further empirical research is required to quantify the broader economic impact of such networks. Policymakers should consider developing formal frameworks that recognise and support the innovative capacity of diaspora investment channels. Diaspora networks, Business innovation, Service sector, Somali investment, Hargeisa, Transnationalism, African Studies This working paper provides a preliminary cross-regional analysis of diaspora-led innovation, connecting Somali entrepreneurial activity with Moroccan analytical perspectives to contribute a fresh viewpoint to African Studies scholarship.
Copyright (c) 2019 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/