Public health surveillance systems in Ghana are crucial for monitoring disease outbreaks and ensuring effective public health interventions. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies. Panel data estimation methods were applied to analyse the impact of surveillance improvements on public health outcomes in Ghana. The panel-data analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between enhanced surveillance systems and improved yield in disease detection, with an estimated coefficient of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.72-0.98). The findings suggest that adopting robust panel data techniques can lead to substantial improvements in public health surveillance efficiency. Public health authorities should prioritise the adoption and continuous improvement of sophisticated surveillance systems with rigorous data collection and analysis methodologies. public health, surveillance systems, Ghana, yield improvement, panel data Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.