Land reform in Uganda has been a contentious issue since independence, influenced by socio-economic dynamics such as population growth and globalization. The review synthesizes secondary data from academic journals, government reports, and international studies published between and . Recent reforms have notably increased land ownership among small-scale farmers by over 30% in targeted districts, contributing to agricultural productivity improvements. While initial reforms showed promise, persistent challenges include equitable distribution, legal frameworks, and community engagement. Further research is needed on long-term sustainability. Policy makers should prioritise inclusive land tenure systems, strengthen legal protections for small farmers, and enhance community participation in governance structures.