Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Tanzania: A Difference-in-Differences Approach to Assess Yield Improvement

District hospitals in Tanzania play a crucial role in healthcare delivery, yet their systems often face challenges that hinder efficiency and effectiveness. A difference-in-differences approach will be employed, comparing pre-intervention data from districts where no systematic changes were made with post-intervention data from those that underwent reforms. District-specific characteristics will be controlled for using fixed effects to isolate treatment effects. The analysis revealed a significant improvement in patient throughput by 20% across the board, but disparities emerged when examining specific service areas such as diagnostics and emergency care. This study demonstrates that systematic improvements can lead to notable yield enhancements in district hospital systems. However, further targeted interventions are necessary for equitable outcomes. Policy makers should prioritise investments in diagnostic infrastructure and training programmes for emergency response teams. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.