Environmental Justice Movements (EJM) in resource-rich African nations such as Ethiopia are increasingly addressing issues of environmental degradation and social inequality. This study employs a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews with community leaders, activists, and local stakeholders in selected regions of Ethiopia. Findings indicate that while resource abundance provides opportunities for economic development, it often exacerbates environmental challenges and social inequalities, leading to mobilization by EJMs seeking equitable distribution of resources and protection against exploitation. The research highlights the complex interplay between resource richness and justice in Ethiopian communities, underscoring the need for inclusive governance that integrates environmental concerns into policy-making processes. Policy recommendations include fostering collaboration between government agencies and EJMs to develop sustainable development strategies that prioritise community well-being alongside resource exploitation. Environmental Justice Movements, Resource Richness, Ethiopian Communities, Sustainable Development