This study examines the political economy of natural resource extraction in Senegal's Central African context. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire survey administered among local communities and government officials. Interviews covered issues of environmental degradation, community benefits, and regulatory frameworks. Findings indicate that while the extraction has led to significant economic growth, it also contributes to deforestation and water pollution at rates exceeding 20% in affected regions. The governance structures are largely ineffective in balancing economic development with environmental conservation, highlighting a need for more robust regulatory measures. Recommendation is the implementation of stricter environmental regulations and enhanced community engagement mechanisms to mitigate adverse impacts and promote sustainable practices.