Zoonotic diseases are a significant public health concern in northern Ugandan pastoral communities, where livestock and wildlife interact closely. These interactions facilitate the transmission of pathogens between animals and humans. Not applicable as this is a theoretical framework article. The proposed framework aims to integrate community engagement, early warning systems, and targeted education initiatives to improve disease surveillance. Communities should be actively involved in surveillance planning, and health education programmes should focus on recognising symptoms of zoonotic diseases among both livestock and humans.