This review examines historical roots of contemporary governance challenges in Nigeria within the context of African Studies. A systematic review approach was employed, encompassing a comprehensive search of academic databases for relevant publications. Articles were critically evaluated based on their relevance to the study’s themes. Findings reveal recurring patterns in governance challenges such as corruption, lack of transparency, and weak institutional frameworks across different historical periods and sectors, indicating persistent systemic issues. The review concludes that while specific instances vary, there are consistent underlying factors contributing to governance failures over time. Recommendations include a call for sustained efforts in strengthening institutions and promoting ethical practices as foundational steps towards improving Nigerian governance.