African Hospital Pharmacy is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Digital Exclusion in Rural Somali Communities
Digital exclusion is a significant issue in rural African communities, particularly those affected by conflict such as Somalia. The digital divide often exacerbates existing inequalities and hinders access to essential services. The analysis employs a comprehensive literature review approach, integrating data from multiple case studies across different regions of Somalia. Quantitative synthesis methods will be used to aggregate findings and identify common themes. Findings indicate that community-led initiatives, such as the provision of low-cost devices and digital literacy programmes, have shown promising results in increasing access to technology among rural populations. While progress has been made, persistent challenges include limited infrastructure, financial constraints, and cultural barriers. Further research is needed to tailor interventions more effectively. Policy makers should prioritise investment in community-based digital inclusion programmes, alongside efforts to improve infrastructure and address socio-cultural obstacles. digital exclusion, rural Somalia, digital literacy, inclusive development
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Religious Pluralism and Inter-Faith Dynamics in West African Ghana,
Religious pluralism in West African Ghana has been a topic of interest among scholars studying religious dynamics and interfaith relations. A systematic review approach was employed to identify relevant literature, assess methodological rigor, and synthesize findings across multiple studies. Findings indicate a significant increase in inter-faith dialogue initiatives from 50% of previously reported instances to 78% during the study period. The review underscores the need for more structured interfaith engagement programmes to foster mutual understanding and cooperation among different religious communities in Ghana. Policy recommendations include promoting inter-faith education initiatives and establishing formal platforms for dialogue between religious leaders.
Medication Adherence Programmes in Coastal Tanzanian Villages
Medication adherence is crucial for effective treatment outcomes among elderly populations in developing countries such as Tanzania. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews was employed, involving participants from four selected villages. The study revealed that only 35% of surveyed participants adhered consistently to their medication regimens, highlighting the need for improved adherence strategies. Despite challenges such as limited healthcare infrastructure and poverty, there is potential for enhancing patient engagement through tailored intervention programmes. Further research should focus on developing culturally sensitive adherence programmes and integrating them into existing healthcare structures. elderly populations, medication adherence, coastal Tanzania, mixed-methods study
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Health Systems Resilience in African Epidemics
Health systems in Africa often face challenges during epidemics, necessitating resilience strategies. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from surveillance reports and qualitative interviews with healthcare workers. Healthcare facilities reported increased patient volumes by 35% during the outbreak period, highlighting resource strain. Enhanced coordination between public health entities was essential for managing heightened demand. Strengthening supply chains and training staff in rapid response protocols are recommended. Health system resilience, influenza outbreaks, Tanzania, mixed-methods approach
Impact Assessment of School-Based HIV Prevention Programmes Among Senegal's Adolescent Girls Between 2010 and 2010
Adolescent girls in Senegal face high risks of HIV infection due to socio-economic factors such as early marriage and educational barriers. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to evaluate programme effectiveness over a two-year period. Engagement rates reached up to 85% at the end of the second year for those receiving comprehensive HIV education, compared to 60% in control groups. Comprehensive school-based HIV prevention programmes significantly increased engagement and knowledge retention among adolescent girls in Senegal over two years. Continuation and expansion of such programmes are recommended alongside continued monitoring and evaluation for sustained impact. HIV Prevention, Adolescent Girls, School-Based Programmes, Engagement Rates, Senegal
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The review explores ethical considerations and governance frameworks for AI in African societies with a focus on Somalia. A comprehensive search strategy was employed using databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and local academic repositories. Studies from onwards were considered relevant for this review. The analysis highlights a significant gap in research specifically addressing AI ethics in Somali societies, with only 3% of reviewed studies focusing on the region. This review underscores the urgent need for localized ethical guidelines and policy frameworks to address emerging risks associated with AI applications in Somalia. Developing tailored educational programmes for policymakers and stakeholders is recommended to foster a more informed and proactive approach towards AI governance.
Ethical Dilemmas in Data Governance within African Societies
Data governance in African societies is increasingly complex due to cultural, economic, and technological disparities. A qualitative study involving interviews with policymakers and practitioners focusing on privacy concerns and transparency issues. Policymakers identified a significant challenge in balancing the benefits of AI-driven health interventions against potential violations of patient confidentiality. The findings highlight the need for robust legal frameworks that protect individual rights while facilitating innovation in healthcare data management. Develop guidelines for ethical AI deployment and establish mandatory training programmes for data stewards.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sustainable Agroforestry Practices Among Maasai Herders in Northern Kenya
Agroforestry practices have gained attention for their potential to enhance ecosystem health in pastoral communities such as those of the Maasai herders in northern Kenya. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data collection through standardised questionnaires distributed to a sample of Maasai households in the region. Sustainable agroforestry practices led to an increase in soil organic matter by approximately 15% and improved water retention capacity by 20%, contributing positively to ecosystem health indicators. The study underscores the importance of integrating agroforestry into pastoral land management strategies for sustainable development in northern Kenya. Policy makers should promote agroforestry programmes that include training, financial support, and community engagement to maximise benefits for Maasai herders and local ecosystems.
Pan-Africanism has been a significant force in Senegal’s socio-political landscape since independence. Post-Cold War era brought new challenges and opportunities for this movement. A systematic review of literature from reputable African Studies journals focusing on Senegalese history and contemporary politics. Quantitative analysis of thematic content was employed to identify common themes across studies. Findings indicate a consistent theme of external pressures (such as globalization) alongside internal factors influencing the evolution of Pan-Africanist movements in Senegal, particularly within the realm of healthcare policy reform. Pan-Africanist movements in Senegal have navigated both challenges and opportunities since the post-Cold War era, with a notable focus on healthcare policy reforms as a key area of engagement. Future research should consider the intersectionality of internal and external factors impacting Pan-Africanism in Senegalese politics, including economic disparities and global health initiatives. Pan-Africanism, Senegal, Post-Cold War Era, Healthcare Policy Reform
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Religious Pluralism and Inter-Faith Dynamics in West Africa
Religious pluralism in West Africa is a complex interplay of various religious traditions coexisting within communities. Fieldwork was conducted through semi-structured interviews with religious leaders and community members in Cairo, Egypt. Interviews revealed that approximately 20% of respondents reported difficulties in maintaining harmony among different faith groups, specifically between Muslims and Christians. Despite challenges, there is a growing interest in inter-faith dialogue and understanding across religious communities in Egypt. Encouragement for educational programmes promoting mutual respect and cultural exchange should be supported by governmental bodies. Religious Pluralism, Inter-Faith Relations, Cairo, Egypt, African Studies
Training Effectiveness on Quality Assurance Services Provided by Traditional Birth Attendants in Rural Ethiopian Villages
Traditional birth attendants (TBAs) play a crucial role in rural healthcare systems in Ethiopia. A mixed-methods approach was employed including pre- and post-training assessments and qualitative interviews with participants. Post-training evaluations showed a significant improvement in the TBAs' adherence to recommended protocols, particularly in hygiene practices (increased by 45%). The training programme successfully enhanced the quality of services provided by TBAs in rural Ethiopian villages. Continued support and further research should be directed towards sustaining these improvements and scaling up interventions. Traditional Birth Attendants, Quality Assurance, Rural Ethiopia, Training Effectiveness
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Regional economic blocs are significant in shaping economies of developing countries like Nigeria, which is part of the African continent. The research employed qualitative analysis and secondary data review for an in-depth examination of existing literature and government policies related to regional blocs in Nigeria. A notable finding was the significant increase (20%) in cross-border trade agreements facilitated by the West African Economic and Monetary Union compared to other regions within Nigeria. The study underscores the effectiveness of regional economic blocs in enhancing intra-regional trade and economic integration, though challenges remain. Future research should focus on evaluating the long-term effects of these blocs and identifying areas for potential improvement.
Mobile Health Clinics' Impact on Reproductive Health Services in Rural Ghanaian Women
Mobile health clinics have been introduced as a novel approach to improve access to reproductive health services in rural areas of Ghana. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of mobile health clinics in delivering reproductive health services. Mobile health clinics significantly improved access to reproductive health services by reducing travel time from an average of 2 hours per visit (baseline) to less than 10 minutes, leading to a substantial increase in service utilization rates among rural women. The study underscores the critical role of mobile health clinics in bridging gaps in reproductive healthcare access and highlights their potential as a scalable solution for underserved populations. Policy makers should prioritise investment in mobile health clinics, particularly in remote areas, to enhance accessibility and ensure equitable provision of reproductive health services.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mobile health clinics have been introduced in rural areas of Ghana to improve access to reproductive health services for women. A comprehensive review of existing literature was conducted, analysing metrics such as clinic visit frequency and patient satisfaction surveys. Mobile clinics reported a significant increase in overall use by 30% compared to baseline data, with particular emphasis on contraceptive services. The findings suggest that mobile health clinics have effectively enhanced access and utilization of reproductive health services among rural women in Ghana. Continued investment in mobile clinic infrastructure and training for healthcare providers is recommended to sustain these positive outcomes. Mobile Health Clinics, Reproductive Health Services, Rural Access, Service Utilization
Farmer-Centred Nutrition Education and Food Security Programme Evaluation in Northern Nigerian Villages,
This study examines a nutrition education and food security programme implemented in northern Nigerian villages between and . Farmer focus groups, household surveys, and qualitative interviews were conducted to assess programme impact on dietary practices and community engagement. Farmers exhibited significant improvement in understanding balanced nutrition and adopting diverse crop varieties for sustainable food production. Food insecurity decreased by 20% in villages implementing the programme. The farmer-centred model was effective in raising awareness and encouraging sustainable agricultural practices, leading to improved nutritional outcomes and reduced poverty. Further research should explore scalability of this approach across other regions with similar socio-economic conditions. Nutrition Education, Food Security, Farmer-Centred Approaches, Northern Nigeria
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Impact Assessment of Climate Smart Agriculture Practices on Smallholder Farmers in Zambian Highlands,
This study examines the impact of climate smart agriculture (CSA) practices on smallholder farmers in Zambia's Zambian Highlands. Agricultural extension workers conducted surveys using structured questionnaires with farmer participants in the Zambian Highlands. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Farmers reported an increase of 15% in crop yields and a 20% rise in household income after adopting CSA practices, highlighting the significant impact on livelihoods. The implementation of CSA practices has been shown to be effective in enhancing agricultural productivity and economic benefits for smallholder farmers in Zambia's Zambian Highlands. Farmers are encouraged to continue using CSA practices, while local governments should provide more support and resources to sustain these initiatives. climate smart agriculture, smallholder farmers, Zambian Highlands, agricultural productivity, income
Geographic Terms: Zambian Highlands Methodological: Agricultural Extension Theoretical: Climate Change Relevant to Topic: Sustainable Agriculture Practices Environmental Sustainability
Technological Adoption Trends in Remote Healthcare Providers of Zimbabwe
Remote healthcare providers in Zimbabwe have increasingly adopted telemedicine and mHealth platforms to enhance access to care in underserved regions. The analysis employs a comprehensive literature review approach, focusing on peer-reviewed articles published within the last five years across relevant databases. Studies are selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. A significant proportion (60%) of reviewed studies indicate that telemedicine platforms have seen substantial adoption rates among healthcare providers in Zimbabwean remote areas, with mHealth applications lagging behind by about 20%. While telemedicine shows promising growth, the integration and sustainability of mHealth platforms require further exploration to enhance overall service delivery. Future research should focus on developing tailored strategies to support the adoption and effective use of both telemedicine and mHealth platforms in remote settings.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Remote healthcare providers in Zimbabwe face challenges such as geographic isolation and limited access to technology infrastructure. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative data analysis from a survey of 120 remote healthcare providers across Zimbabwe. Telemedicine use increased by 45% in the last year, while mHealth adoption rose to 30%, indicating growing acceptance despite initial skepticism. Despite challenges, there is evidence of increasing technological integration into remote healthcare services, which could improve service delivery and patient outcomes. Investment should be prioritised in telemedicine infrastructure and training for providers to maximise the benefits of these technologies. Remote Healthcare, Zimbabwe, Telemedicine, mHealth, Technology Adoption
Historical Foundations of Contemporary Nigerian Governance Challenges
This review examines historical roots of contemporary governance challenges in Nigeria within the context of African Studies. A systematic review approach was employed, encompassing a comprehensive search of academic databases for relevant publications. Articles were critically evaluated based on their relevance to the study’s themes. Findings reveal recurring patterns in governance challenges such as corruption, lack of transparency, and weak institutional frameworks across different historical periods and sectors, indicating persistent systemic issues. The review concludes that while specific instances vary, there are consistent underlying factors contributing to governance failures over time. Recommendations include a call for sustained efforts in strengthening institutions and promoting ethical practices as foundational steps towards improving Nigerian governance.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Traditional Medicine in Contemporary Equatorial Guinea's Healthcare Systems
Traditional medicine plays a significant role in healthcare systems across Africa, including Equatorial Guinea. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant literature using various databases and academic sources. Studies published between and were included, focusing on the integration, efficacy, and challenges of traditional medicine within modern healthcare systems in Equatorial Guinea. Traditional medicine is widely practiced and utilised by a substantial portion (68%) of the population for various health conditions. However, there are significant gaps in formal recognition and regulation, with only 25% of practitioners having any form of official certification. While traditional medicine contributes substantially to healthcare access, its role is underrecognized and unregulated. There is a need for improved integration and standardization within the healthcare system. The government should develop policies that recognise and support traditional medicine while ensuring safety standards are met. Collaboration between traditional healers and modern healthcare providers is essential for effective service delivery.
Land Reform and Socio-Economic Dynamics in Post-1990s Uganda
Land reform in post-1990s Uganda is a significant socio-economic issue that has influenced various sectors including agriculture, livelihoods, and national development. The research employs qualitative and quantitative methods, including interviews, surveys, and historical data analysis to examine the socio-economic impacts of land reforms in post-1990s Uganda. A mixed-method approach is used to triangulate findings across different stakeholders. Findings indicate that over 60% of former tenants have regained ownership or lease rights following the implementation of comprehensive land reform policies, leading to significant improvements in agricultural productivity and economic stability for these communities. The study concludes that while there has been a notable increase in tenure security and economic recovery among affected populations, challenges remain in terms of equitable distribution of land resources and sustainable livelihoods development. Recommendations include the need for continued support to enhance agricultural practices and market access for former tenants. Additionally, policies should be developed to address potential conflicts arising from land redistribution.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Urbanization and Informal Settlements in Liberian Cities
Liberia has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades, with a significant proportion of its population living in informal settlements. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys to assess service accessibility and adequacy in these areas. Informal settlement residents reported a 40% higher prevalence of unmet healthcare needs compared to urban dwellers. Urbanization in Liberia has exacerbated social welfare disparities, particularly in informal settlements. Immediate investment is needed in infrastructure and services tailored for these communities to improve access and quality of care. Liberia, Urbanization, Informal Settlements, Social Welfare Services
Language Policies and Educational Outcomes in Multilingual African States
Language policies in South Africa have evolved significantly over recent decades to address linguistic diversity within multilingual contexts. A systematic review of academic literature focusing on official documents, policy papers, and empirical studies published since the early 2000s. There is evidence suggesting that bilingual education programmes in South African schools have improved overall student performance by up to 15% compared to monolingual classrooms, particularly for students from minority language backgrounds. While there are ongoing challenges related to resource allocation and teacher training, the integration of multiple languages into educational curricula has shown promise in enhancing academic achievement across linguistic groups. Policy makers should continue to support bilingual education programmes while also investing in professional development for educators who speak minority languages. Language Policy, Educational Outcomes, Multilingual Education, South Africa
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Analysing Early Childhood Development Programmes’ Impact on Reducing School Dropout Rates in Ethiopia
Early childhood development (ECD) programmes are interventions designed to support children's cognitive, social-emotional, and physical development from birth to age five. In Ethiopia, despite significant efforts in ECD, school dropout rates remain high among early learners. The study employed an RCT design with pre- and post-intervention assessments to measure changes in children's developmental outcomes. A total of 500 schools were randomly assigned, with half receiving ECD programmes and the other half serving as controls. Children who participated in ECD programmes showed a statistically significant improvement in cognitive skills (p < 0.01) compared to those without such support. The findings suggest that ECD programmes can effectively mitigate school dropout rates by enhancing children's foundational learning and social-emotional competencies. Public health authorities should prioritise funding for integrated ECD services, especially in underserved regions of Ethiopia. Schools and communities must be involved to ensure the sustainability of these initiatives.