Public health surveillance systems in Tanzania are essential for monitoring disease prevalence and outcomes. However, their effectiveness can be enhanced through rigorous methodological evaluation. Panel data analysis was employed to evaluate the performance of surveillance systems. A fixed effects model was used to estimate the impact on clinical outcomes, accounting for potential endogeneity issues. The analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between timely reporting from surveillance systems and improved patient recovery rates (p < 0.05). This study underscores the importance of robust methodological approaches in enhancing public health surveillance system performance in Tanzania. Public health authorities should invest in training for data collection personnel to ensure accurate, timely reporting from surveillance systems. public health surveillance, panel data analysis, clinical outcomes, fixed effects model Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.