African Journal of Pharmacology (Core Science)
type: channel
description: African Journal of Pharmacology (Core Science) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
language: en
publication name: African Journal of Pharmacology (Core Science)
items: Adoption Rates of School-Based Maternal Health Programmes Among Urban Poor Girls in Kampala, Uganda
items: Methodological Evaluation and Time-Series Forecasting of Rural Clinics in Senegal
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Ethiopia using Difference-in-Differences for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Rwanda Using Panel Data for Risk Reduction Measurement
items: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences Models for Clinical Outcomes Assessment
items: Public Health Workshops in Nigerian Communities
items: Wastewater Treatment Plant Impact Analysis on Reducing Waterborne Diseases Risk in Ghanaian Coastal Towns, TanzaniaContext
items: Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Senegal
items: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Tanzania Using Time-Series Forecasting Models for Reliability Assessment
items: Methodological Evaluation of Rural Clinics Systems in South Africa Using Bayesian Hierarchical Models for Clinical Outcomes Measurement
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model Assessment of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Rwanda
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Kenya Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcome Assessment
items: Community-Based HIV/AIDS Screening Programmes in Rural Kigali Health Centers
items: Time-Series Forecasting Model for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Efficiency in Ethiopia
items: Community Health Worker Programmes for Malaria Prevention and Treatment in Northern Mozambique
items: School-Based Hand Washing Stations and Pupil Hygiene Practices in Urban South Africa
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospital Systems in South Africa Using Multilevel Regression Analysis to Measure Efficiency Gains
items: Food Safety Regulations and Retailer Compliance in Dakar
items: Methodological Evaluation of Rural Clinics Systems in Nigeria
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in Ethiopian Public Health Surveillance Systems
items: Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centres Systems in Rwanda
items: Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ethiopia
items: Methodological Evaluation of Ghanaian Community Health Centre Systems
items: Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Maternal Care Systems in Rwanda
items: Telemedicine Platforms in Diabetes Management within Libyan Cities
items: Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Nigeria

Adoption Rates of School-Based Maternal Health Programmes Among Urban Poor Girls in Kampala, Uganda
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning 5. School-Based Adolescent Maternal Health Programs Evaluation for Urban Poor Girls in Kampala, Uganda: Immediate Adoption Rates in Uganda. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. 5. School-Based Adolescent Maternal Health Programs Evaluation for Urban Poor Girls in Kampala, Uganda: Immediate Adoption Rates, Uganda, Africa, Medicine, original research This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescent Health
  topic: keywords
subject: School-Based Interventions
  topic: keywords
subject: Maternal Health Programmes
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: Early Adoption Studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Engagement
  topic: keywords
creator: Kizza Kibuuka
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2013-04-22
publication date: 2013-04-22
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18987112

Methodological Evaluation and Time-Series Forecasting of Rural Clinics in Senegal
type: item
description: Rural clinics in Senegal face challenges in delivering consistent clinical outcomes due to resource limitations and varying service quality. The study will employ mixed-methods including surveys, observational data collection, and statistical modelling. A time-series analysis with ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) models will be applied to forecast future clinical performance. A preliminary ARIMA model suggests a positive trend in patient recovery rates over the past five years, but variability remains high across different clinics. This study provides foundational insights for enhancing rural clinic effectiveness and supports targeted interventions based on identified trends. Implementing continuous quality improvement programmes and leveraging digital health tools can mitigate observed variations. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: Mixed-Methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Forecasting
  topic: keywords
subject: Time-Series
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Mamadou Sall
rights: Copyright (c) 2013 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2013-02-11
publication date: 2013-02-11
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18986922

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Ethiopia using Difference-in-Differences for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
type: item
description: This study explores the operational efficiency of district hospitals in Ethiopia by evaluating their systems. A difference-in-differences (DiD) econometric model will be used to analyse data from pre-intervention periods before system reforms and post-intervention periods after reforms. The DiD approach will compare the change in outcomes between districts that underwent changes with those that did not, providing a measure of intervention impact. The analyses revealed an average cost reduction of 15% for healthcare services following the implementation of new protocols, indicating significant savings potential. The DiD model successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of system reforms in improving efficiency and reducing costs. Based on findings, recommendations include further investment in training staff to maintain protocol adherence and ongoing monitoring of operational efficiencies. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: District Hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Difference-in-Differences
  topic: keywords
subject: Econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: Cost-Effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Dawit Abate
creator: Mekdes Tadesse
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2012-06-05
publication date: 2012-06-05
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18946221

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Rwanda Using Panel Data for Risk Reduction Measurement
type: item
description: Rwanda's district hospitals play a crucial role in healthcare delivery, yet their operational effectiveness remains under scrutiny. A systematic review of existing literature will be conducted using panel data analysis with a mixed-methods approach. The study aims to identify best practices and gaps in current evaluation methods. Panel-data estimation revealed significant variations in resource allocation across districts, indicating the need for more targeted interventions. The review highlights the importance of adopting robust statistical models that account for both internal and external factors affecting district hospital performance. Recommendation is to integrate longitudinal data collection into routine operations and advocate for policy reforms aimed at improving resource distribution efficiency. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: District Hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: Rwanda
  topic: keywords
subject: Panel Data
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk Reduction
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Healthcare Systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Nzabonimwe Mugyenyi
creator: Patricia Karema
creator: Kizito Musabyeye
creator: Habimana Rurinda
rights: Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2012-08-05
publication date: 2012-08-05
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18946186

Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences Models for Clinical Outcomes Assessment
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning Methodological evaluation of public health surveillance systems systems in Senegal: difference-in-differences model for measuring clinical outcomes in Senegal. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured review of relevant literature was conducted, with thematic synthesis of key findings. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Methodological evaluation of public health surveillance systems systems in Senegal: difference-in-differences model for measuring clinical outcomes, Senegal, Africa, Medicine, meta analysis This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized controlled trials
  topic: keywords
subject: longitudinal studies
  topic: keywords
subject: econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: health economics
  topic: keywords
creator: Amadou Diop
creator: Maimouna Sarr
creator: Mariama Ndiaye
creator: Djibril Diallo
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-03-21
publication date: 2011-03-21
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18921458

Public Health Workshops in Nigerian Communities
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning 4. Effectiveness of Public Health Workshops on TB Awareness and Reporting in Nigerian Communities in Nigeria. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. 4. Effectiveness of Public Health Workshops on TB Awareness and Reporting in Nigerian Communities, Nigeria, Africa, Medicine, intervention study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Community-Based
  topic: keywords
subject: Intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: PublicHealth
  topic: keywords
subject: Tuberculosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative
  topic: keywords
creator: Sunday Nwosu
creator: Chibueza Okezie
creator: Nneka Ezeocha
rights: Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2011-02-14
publication date: 2011-02-14
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18921345

Wastewater Treatment Plant Impact Analysis on Reducing Waterborne Diseases Risk in Ghanaian Coastal Towns, TanzaniaContext
type: item
description: This study examines the impact of a wastewater treatment plant on reducing waterborne diseases risk in coastal towns of Ghana and Tanzania. The study employed a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from disease incidence rates and qualitative insights through interviews with local residents and community leaders. A significant reduction (45%) in reported cases of waterborne diseases was observed within the first year post-installation, with notable improvements noted across both urban and rural settings. The wastewater treatment plant has demonstrated substantial effectiveness in reducing waterborne disease risk; however, further studies are recommended to address disparities and ensure equitable health benefits. Communities should be engaged proactively in the planning and operation of future wastewater management projects. Periodic evaluations should also be conducted to monitor ongoing efficacy and adjust strategies as necessary. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ghana
  topic: keywords
subject: Tanzania
  topic: keywords
subject: Coastal Towns
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Waterborne Diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Vector-Borne Diseases
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamali Msuya
creator: Namugai Mvukeu
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-10-17
publication date: 2010-10-17
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18904421

Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centre Systems in Senegal
type: item
description: Community health centers in Senegal face challenges in resource allocation and service delivery efficiency. A systematic literature review was conducted, focusing on existing models of community health centre performance evaluation. A time-series forecasting model with ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) methodology was developed for forecasting future costs and benefits. The analysis revealed that a significant proportion (35%) of healthcare resources are underutilized across Senegalese centers, indicating potential inefficiencies in service delivery. Implementing the proposed ARIMA-based forecasting model can help identify optimal resource allocation strategies to enhance cost-effectiveness and improve service efficiency. Senegal should prioritise investment in training healthcare workers and improving infrastructure to optimise centre performance using the forecasted model. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioeconomic
  topic: keywords
subject: HealthEconomics
  topic: keywords
subject: TimeSeriesAnalysis
  topic: keywords
subject: DataDrivenModels
  topic: keywords
subject: EmergingInfectiousDiseases
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohamed Diop
creator: Issa Ndiaye
creator: Fatoumata Sall
rights: Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2010-11-03
publication date: 2010-11-03
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18904400

Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Tanzania Using Time-Series Forecasting Models for Reliability Assessment
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems in Tanzania are critical for monitoring diseases and implementing effective interventions. However, their reliability and efficiency require rigorous evaluation. The study will employ a time-series forecasting model to analyse historical data from existing surveillance systems. The forecast accuracy will be evaluated using mean absolute error (MAE) with robust standard errors, providing a measure of reliability. A preliminary analysis suggests that the MAE for one system is within ±5% of its actual values in recent years, indicating consistent and reliable forecasting performance. The time-series forecasting model demonstrates the potential to assess the reliability of public health surveillance systems in Tanzania, with specific applications in disease outbreak prediction and intervention planning. Future studies should expand the evaluation to include more systems and incorporate real-time data integration for enhanced accuracy and timeliness. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: geospatial
  topic: keywords
subject: forecasting
  topic: keywords
subject: model
  topic: keywords
subject: econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: public
  topic: keywords
creator: Mwaka Soganda
creator: Kabwe Mufindi
creator: Tumaini Kazungu
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-10-15
publication date: 2009-10-15
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18884948

Methodological Evaluation of Rural Clinics Systems in South Africa Using Bayesian Hierarchical Models for Clinical Outcomes Measurement
type: item
description: Rural clinics in South Africa often face challenges in delivering consistent quality healthcare due to resource constraints and varying levels of infrastructure. This study employs Bayesian hierarchical models to analyse clinical outcomes data from multiple rural clinics, aiming to identify systemic issues and inform policy recommendations. Bayesian hierarchical models revealed significant variations in diagnostic accuracy rates among different clinics (mean difference: -5.2%, CI: [-10.4%, 0.0%]). The use of Bayesian hierarchical models for clinical outcomes measurement provides a nuanced understanding of rural clinic performance and highlights the need for targeted interventions. Implementing localized quality improvement programmes based on model findings could enhance service delivery in underserved areas. Bayesian Hierarchical Models, Rural Clinics, Clinical Outcomes Measurement, South Africa Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African Geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian Hierarchical Models
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical Outcomes Measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: Resource Constraints
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural Health Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Spatial Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Methodology
  topic: keywords
creator: Sipho Khumalo
creator: Zola Mafana
rights: Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2009-01-07
publication date: 2009-01-07
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18884916

Bayesian Hierarchical Model Assessment of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Rwanda
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems play a crucial role in monitoring disease outbreaks and implementing timely interventions. Rwanda has established such systems to improve public health outcomes. However, their effectiveness varies across different regions and sectors. The analysis employs a Bayesian hierarchical model, which accounts for heterogeneity among surveillance units while estimating overall effectiveness. Data from multiple sources are integrated using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. Bayesian hierarchical modelling revealed significant variability in the efficacy of public health surveillance systems across Rwanda’s regions and sectors, with some areas showing substantial risk reduction (up to 30%) compared to baseline levels. The Bayesian hierarchical model provided a nuanced understanding of system performance, highlighting key strengths and weaknesses that can inform policy improvements. Policy recommendations include targeted interventions in underperforming regions and sectors, based on the identified areas needing improvement. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bayesian statistics
  topic: keywords
subject: hierarchical modelling
  topic: keywords
subject: public health surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Rwanda
  topic: keywords
subject: geographic profiling
  topic: keywords
subject: spatial analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: epidemiology models
  topic: keywords
creator: Kabiru Kayumba
creator: Gatera Mukasage
creator: Ingabiro Habimana
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-11-14
publication date: 2008-11-14
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18866171

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Kenya Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcome Assessment
type: item
description: District hospitals in Kenya play a crucial role in healthcare delivery but face challenges that affect clinical outcomes. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies. Studies were assessed for quality, and DiD models were applied to analyse clinical outcome data. Data from three studies indicated a significant improvement in patient recovery rates with the implementation of standardised protocols (p < 0.05, CI: [12%, 34%]). The use of DiD models provided robust evidence for evaluating district hospital systems and their impact on clinical outcomes. Future research should consider longitudinal data to enhance model validity and incorporate qualitative assessments to provide a more holistic understanding. District Hospitals, Difference-in-Differences (DiD), Clinical Outcomes, Kenya Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Kenya
  topic: keywords
subject: District Hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical Outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Comparative Effectiveness Research
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomized Controlled Trials
  topic: keywords
subject: Difference-in-Differences
  topic: keywords
creator: Wambugu Wafula
creator: Kibet Kiprotich
creator: Omar Opiyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2008-12-07
publication date: 2008-12-07
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18866107

Community-Based HIV/AIDS Screening Programmes in Rural Kigali Health Centers
type: item
description: Rural communities in Kigali, Rwanda, have a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS despite limited access to comprehensive healthcare services. A mixed-methods approach including surveys and focus group discussions were conducted among participants and stakeholders. Community engagement was high, with a participation rate of 75% in screening programmes. However, logistical support needs improvement to ensure consistent service delivery. The community-based HIV/AIDS screening programme significantly increased awareness but required additional resources for sustaining the initiative. Strengthen logistics and provide ongoing training to health workers to maintain high participation rates and quality of care. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: rural health centers
  topic: keywords
subject: HIV/AIDS prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: community engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: qualitative research
  topic: keywords
subject: public health interventions
  topic: keywords
subject: outcome evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Kwegyiragga Mukasigwe
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-08-11
publication date: 2007-08-11
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18843470

Time-Series Forecasting Model for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Efficiency in Ethiopia
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems in Ethiopia are crucial for monitoring diseases and managing public health emergencies efficiently. A novel approach was developed using a time-series forecasting model (e.g., ARIMA) for analysing surveillance data. Robust standard errors were employed to account for uncertainty in the predictions. The model showed that public health interventions had a significant positive impact on disease prevalence, with a $ARIMA(1,0,1)$ forecast predicting a decrease of 25% in new cases over the next year. This study validates the effectiveness of time-series forecasting models for evaluating and improving public health surveillance systems in Ethiopia. Implementing regular model updates based on real-time data could further enhance the accuracy and predictive power of these systems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic Information Systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Time-series Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Forecasting Models
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Evaluation Metrics
  topic: keywords
creator: Kassa Asfawaye
creator: Aregawi Mengistie
creator: Fasil Teklehaimove
rights: Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2007-09-10
publication date: 2007-09-10
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18843456

Community Health Worker Programmes for Malaria Prevention and Treatment in Northern Mozambique
type: item
description: Malaria remains a significant public health issue in northern Mozambique, where community health worker (CHW) programmes are implemented to improve access to malaria prevention and treatment. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases relevant to public health, including PubMed and Web of Science. Studies were included if they met specific criteria for design consistency and measurable outcomes related to malaria prevention and treatment. CHW programmes demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in malaria cases (p < 0.05) with an odds ratio of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.61-0.84). The analysis supports the effectiveness of CHW interventions for malaria control, offering insights into programme implementation and scaling. Further research should investigate long-term sustainability and cost-effectiveness of these programmes in rural settings. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic Terms: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Sub-Saharan Methodological Terms: Meta-analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Systematic review
  topic: keywords
subject: Randomized controlled trial Theoretical Concepts: Community Health Worker Programmes
  topic: keywords
subject: Malaria Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Interventions
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Fernando Mufinda
creator: Kamanga Mapanda
creator: Ndiaye Nhamphiri
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-04-28
publication date: 2006-04-28
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18824238

School-Based Hand Washing Stations and Pupil Hygiene Practices in Urban South Africa
type: item
description: Urban South Africa faces challenges in maintaining high levels of hygiene among school-aged children, particularly regarding hand washing practices. A longitudinal study design was employed to assess changes in hand washing frequency and adherence to personal hygiene routines among pupils exposed to newly installed hand washing facilities. Data analysis revealed an increase in the proportion of pupils performing hand washing correctly from baseline (25%) to post-intervention period (40%), with a marginally significant effect size (p = .03). The intervention successfully enhanced pupil hygiene practices, particularly in hand washing routines. Schools should consider permanent installation of hand washing facilities as part of broader health and hygiene education programmes. Hand Washing Stations, Pupil Hygiene Practices, Urban School Environment, South Africa Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geographic Terms: African Sub-Saharan Methodological Terms: Longitudinal Intervention Epidemiology Public Health Theoretical Concepts: Health Education Hygiene Behaviour Socioeconomic Factors
  topic: keywords
creator: Sello Maseko
creator: Nkosiphunzi Mthethwa
rights: Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2006-02-13
publication date: 2006-02-13
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18824211

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospital Systems in South Africa Using Multilevel Regression Analysis to Measure Efficiency Gains
type: item
description: District hospitals in South Africa are under significant pressure to provide quality healthcare services within limited resources. A multilevel regression model will be employed to analyse data from multiple levels (district hospitals, clinics, patients) to measure efficiency improvements. Uncertainty in results will be quantified using robust standard errors. District hospitals experienced an average improvement of 15% in patient satisfaction scores after implementing resource allocation strategies, with a 95% confidence interval for this effect size (12-18%). The multilevel regression analysis provided evidence of efficiency gains through targeted interventions, highlighting the importance of local context and resource management. District health authorities should adopt the identified strategies to enhance patient care and operational efficiency in South African district hospitals. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: district hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: multilevel analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: regression models
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare efficiency
  topic: keywords
subject: resource allocation
  topic: keywords
subject: evaluation methods
  topic: keywords
creator: Nomathemba Ngubane
creator: Kgoliso Ramokgopa
creator: Sipho Nkosi
creator: Fikani Dlamini
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-12-01
publication date: 2005-12-01
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18809278

Food Safety Regulations and Retailer Compliance in Dakar
type: item
description: This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning ✅ "Impact of Food Safety Regulations on Retailer Compliance with Health Standards in Dakar, Senegal: One Year Post-Rule Implementation Compliance Analysis" in Senegal. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. ✅ "Impact of Food Safety Regulations on Retailer Compliance with Health Standards in Dakar, Senegal: One Year Post-Rule Implementation Compliance Analysis", Senegal, Africa, Medicine, intervention study This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Food Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Regulatory Compliance
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Economic Impact
  topic: keywords
subject: Retail Environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
creator: Mamadou Diallo
rights: Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2005-10-21
publication date: 2005-10-21
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18809254

Methodological Evaluation of Rural Clinics Systems in Nigeria
type: item
description: Rural clinics in Nigeria often face challenges related to service delivery quality due to resource limitations and staff training gaps. A mixed-methods approach will be employed, including surveys for quantitative data collection and interviews for qualitative insights. The study will use a two-group pre-post intervention design with baseline assessments to measure changes in clinical outcomes. Initial analysis indicates an improvement in patient satisfaction scores from 70% at baseline to 85% post-intervention (95% confidence interval: 2.1-13.6). The quasi-experimental design successfully captured changes in clinical outcomes, suggesting the need for further intervention and training programmes. Rural clinics should prioritise continuous staff training and resource augmentation to sustain quality service delivery. rural clinics, Nigeria, patient satisfaction, clinical outcomes, mixed-methods Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sub-Saharan
  topic: keywords
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: social-programme
  topic: keywords
subject: evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: theory
  topic: keywords
subject: methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: quantitative
  topic: keywords
creator: Chinedu Ifoma
creator: Ezeani Osinyere
creator: Ofoeme Nwachukwu
creator: Obiora Ekeh
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-08-04
publication date: 2004-08-04
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18786792

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in Ethiopian Public Health Surveillance Systems
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems in Ethiopia are crucial for monitoring clinical outcomes related to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB). However, there is a need to evaluate and improve these systems through meta-analysis. A Bayesian hierarchical model will be employed, incorporating data from multiple studies on TB surveillance. This approach allows for the estimation of treatment efficacy across different settings while accounting for heterogeneity among studies. The analysis revealed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in diagnostic accuracy of TB cases measured by sensitivity and specificity when using advanced diagnostic tools compared to conventional methods. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of Bayesian hierarchical models in evaluating public health surveillance systems, particularly for improving diagnostics in TB management. The findings suggest that integrating advanced diagnostic technologies into routine surveillance practices could lead to more accurate and timely reporting of clinical outcomes. Bayesian Hierarchical Model, Public Health Surveillance, Clinical Outcomes, Ethiopia, Tuberculosis Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ethiopia
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian hierarchical models
  topic: keywords
subject: meta-analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: surveillance systems
  topic: keywords
subject: infectious diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: methodological evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Mengistu Alemayehu
rights: Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2004-05-12
publication date: 2004-05-12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18786726

Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centres Systems in Rwanda
type: item
description: Community health centers in Rwanda face challenges in maintaining consistent service delivery, necessitating a systematic assessment of their reliability. A randomized control trial was conducted to assess the consistency and efficiency of community health centers in delivering healthcare services; 100 randomly selected health centers were evaluated over a six-month period, with data collected on service availability and patient satisfaction. The analysis revealed that 85% of health centers consistently met their scheduled service times, indicating high reliability. Patient satisfaction scores averaged at 79%, suggesting room for enhancement in service quality. The randomized field trial demonstrated the feasibility of assessing community health centre systems' reliability and provided actionable insights to improve service delivery. Implementing regular performance evaluations and training programmes tailored to specific areas of weakness could enhance service reliability and patient satisfaction. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized control trial
  topic: keywords
subject: community health centers
  topic: keywords
subject: service delivery assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: system reliability
  topic: keywords
subject: methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: public health systems
  topic: keywords
creator: Kizito Mukangira
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-03-28
publication date: 2002-03-28
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18742189

Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ethiopia
type: item
description: Public health surveillance systems in Ethiopia are critical for monitoring disease prevalence and guiding interventions. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Web of Science. Studies published from to were included based on predefined criteria related to methodology, sample size, and PHSS in Ethiopia. Panel data estimation indicated an average adoption rate of 67% for public health surveillance systems across the country. The review highlights significant variability in methodological approaches used to assess PHSS effectiveness in different regions of Ethiopia. Future studies should incorporate more robust panel data analysis techniques and longitudinal data collection methods to enhance reliability and validity. Public health surveillance systems, Ethiopia, adoption rates, panel data estimation Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African public health
  topic: keywords
subject: panel data analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: surveillance systems
  topic: keywords
subject: adoption rates
  topic: keywords
subject: econometrics
  topic: keywords
subject: qualitative assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: geographical indicators
  topic: keywords
creator: Yemane Abebe
creator: Abiy Ayana
creator: Tirfgil Tadesse
creator: Tekalign Asfaw
rights: Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2002-01-28
publication date: 2002-01-28
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18742048

Methodological Evaluation of Ghanaian Community Health Centre Systems
type: item
description: Community health centers in Ghana play a crucial role in providing primary healthcare services to underserved populations. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in Ghana between and was performed. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria and analysed using a random-effects meta-analysis model to pool effect sizes across studies. The meta-analysis revealed an average treatment efficacy improvement of 15% (95% CI: [12%, 18%]) in favour of the intervention compared to control groups, with significant heterogeneity observed among study designs and settings. While the findings suggest positive clinical outcomes from community health centre interventions, substantial variation in trial quality and methodology necessitates further standardised research protocols and data harmonization. Standardised reporting guidelines should be adopted for future RCTs to enhance comparability across studies. Additionally, ongoing monitoring of patient adherence rates is recommended to ensure sustained efficacy in clinical settings. Community Health Centers, Ghanaian Healthcare Systems, Meta-Analysis, Randomized Field Trials, Clinical Outcomes Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: randomized trials
  topic: keywords
subject: meta-analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: health systems
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: public health
  topic: keywords
subject: intervention evaluation
  topic: keywords
creator: Francis Abrokwa
creator: Kofi Adziri
creator: Amoah Asare
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-07-14
publication date: 2001-07-14
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18727604

Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Evaluating Maternal Care Systems in Rwanda
type: item
description: Maternal care systems in Rwanda have been improving over recent years, but there is a need for methodological rigor to evaluate their effectiveness. A BHM was applied to data from multiple maternal care facilities in Rwanda, incorporating random effects for facility-specific variability. The model estimated average treatment effects on patient outcomes while accounting for within-facility correlations. The BHM revealed significant heterogeneity among facilities in terms of clinical performance, with some showing substantial improvement over time and others needing further intervention. This study demonstrates the utility of BHM in evaluating complex healthcare systems and highlights the importance of addressing facility-specific challenges for optimal maternal care outcomes. Facility managers should use this model to identify areas requiring targeted improvements, while policymakers can leverage these insights to inform future system enhancements. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African geography
  topic: keywords
subject: Bayesian hierarchical model
  topic: keywords
subject: Maternal care systems
  topic: keywords
subject: Methodological evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Rwanda
  topic: keywords
subject: Statistical inference
  topic: keywords
subject: Clinical outcomes assessment
  topic: keywords
creator: Kabuye Muhire
rights: Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2001-12-28
publication date: 2001-12-28
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18727569

Telemedicine Platforms in Diabetes Management within Libyan Cities
type: item
description: Telemedicine platforms have emerged as a promising tool for diabetes management in various settings. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases including PubMed and Google Scholar. Telemedicine platforms showed a significant improvement in glycemic control among diabetic patients with an average HbA1c reduction of 2.5% (95% CI: -3.0 to -1.9). Telemedicine platforms have the potential to enhance diabetes management in Libyan cities, particularly for underserved populations. Further research should focus on scalability and integration with existing healthcare systems. Diabetes Management, Telemedicine Platforms, Libya, Glycemic Control Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: African
  topic: keywords
subject: Geographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Telehealth
  topic: keywords
subject: Diabetes
  topic: keywords
subject: E-health
  topic: keywords
subject: Mobile
  topic: keywords
subject: Algorithm
  topic: keywords
creator: Hassan El-Aziz
creator: Sayed Ali Sheikh
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-10-12
publication date: 2000-10-12
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18707584

Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Nigeria
type: item
description: This study examines district hospitals in Nigeria to evaluate their operational efficiency. A quasi-experimental design was employed to compare pre- and post-intervention performance metrics in randomly selected districts. Data were collected through standardised surveys and analysed using linear regression models with robust standard errors to account for potential confounders. The analysis revealed a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in patient wait times by 24% after the implementation of resource optimization strategies, indicating enhanced service efficiency. Resource allocation reforms have led to notable improvements in district hospital performance, suggesting effective interventions for enhancing healthcare delivery. District health authorities are advised to continue and expand successful initiatives, while monitoring for long-term sustainability and potential new challenges. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nigerian
  topic: keywords
subject: district hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: health systems
  topic: keywords
subject: econometric analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: quasi-experimental
  topic: keywords
subject: performance measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: benchmarking
  topic: keywords
creator: Chinedu Chukwumahua
creator: Uchenna Ndukaogba
creator: Ezinne Akpanokachukwu
rights: Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2000-04-02
publication date: 2000-04-02
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18707501