Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Uganda Using Difference-in-Differences Approach for Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

District hospitals in Uganda play a crucial role in healthcare delivery but face challenges related to resource allocation and efficiency. A systematic review was conducted using DiD regression analysis to compare pre- and post-intervention data from multiple districts. Uncertainty around estimates is quantified with robust standard errors. The DiD approach revealed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in patient recovery rates, indicating the effectiveness of system upgrades. The DiD model provided reliable insights into cost-effectiveness but requires further validation through longitudinal studies and broader geographic coverage. Future research should expand to include more districts and explore long-term sustainability impacts. DiD, District Hospitals, Cost-Effectiveness, Uganda Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.