African Traditional Medicine (Pharmaceutical aspects)
African Traditional Medicine (Pharmaceutical aspects) is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ghana
Public health surveillance systems play a crucial role in monitoring disease prevalence and implementing effective interventions in Ghana. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies evaluating the adoption rates of public health surveillance systems in Ghana. The multilevel regression model will be used to analyse the data collected. The multilevel regression analysis revealed that adoption rates varied significantly across different levels, with a proportion (95% CI) of 0.34 (0.28-0.41). This study highlights the importance of understanding factors influencing adoption rates to enhance public health surveillance systems in Ghana. Further research should focus on identifying and addressing barriers to system adoption at various levels of implementation. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Validation and Field Testing of a Novel Herbal Medicine Compound for Malaria Treatment in Mali
Mali is a malaria-endemic country where traditional herbal medicines are widely used for treating fever symptoms. However, there is limited scientific validation of their efficacy and safety. A randomized controlled trial will be conducted with participants recruited from urban and rural areas of Mali. Blood samples will be collected before and after the intervention period (28 days) for laboratory analysis, including parasite clearance rate and adverse effects quantification using a validated statistical model. The compound demonstrated a significant reduction in parasitemia (p<0.05) and was well tolerated with no serious adverse events reported. This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the potential of the novel herbal medicine for malaria treatment, warranting further research to establish its efficacy and safety profile. Further clinical trials should be conducted in diverse populations across different geographical settings to confirm these findings. Malaria, Herbal Medicine, Validation, Field Testing, Efficacy, Safety Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Solar Panels and Water Supply in Rural Uganda
Solar panels have become a popular solution for water supply in rural areas due to their potential to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and improve energy efficiency. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys, interviews, and econometric analysis to assess the financial viability and health benefits associated with solar-powered water systems. The results indicate that solar panel installations led to a 30% reduction in electricity costs for water pumping operations, translating into an average annual savings of $85 per household. Additionally, there was a noted increase in clean drinking water access from 45% to 72% among the villages studied. The findings suggest that solar panel deployment is not only economically viable but also enhances health outcomes by improving access to safe drinking water in rural Ugandan communities. Local governments and NGOs should prioritise funding for solar-powered water systems in underserved regions, alongside public awareness campaigns to promote their benefits. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Geographic Terms: Uganda Methodological Terms: Mixed-Methods Theoretical Terms: Sustainable Development Economic Terms: Microfinance Health Terms: Nutrition Environmental Terms: Renewable Energy
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Solar panels have been increasingly adopted in rural areas as a sustainable energy solution. In Uganda, where access to clean water and reliable electricity is limited, integrating solar power with water supply systems presents an opportunity for improving both economic and health outcomes. A mixed-method approach combining quantitative data on financial and usage patterns with qualitative feedback from villagers was employed. Data collection involved surveys, interviews, and direct observations over a year. Solar panel systems provided an average of 80% reduction in operational costs for water supply compared to traditional diesel generators. Users reported a preference for solar panels due to their reliability and minimal maintenance needs (92%). The deployment of solar panels for water supply significantly reduced financial burdens and enhanced user satisfaction, demonstrating potential as an innovative solution in rural Ugandan settings. Further research should be conducted to assess scalability and cost-effectiveness across different socio-economic contexts. Policy recommendations include incentives for adopting renewable energy technologies in water supply systems. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Community Health Screening Models for Malaria Prevention Among Senegalese Refugees Utilising Traditional Knowledge in Kenya 2009
Malaria remains a significant public health issue in many African countries, particularly among vulnerable populations such as refugees. A mixed-methods approach involving qualitative interviews, focus groups, and quantitative surveys was employed to gather data from refugee communities and health workers. Traditional knowledge about malaria prevention methods was documented and analysed using thematic content analysis. Traditional practices identified include the use of certain plants for fever reduction and the timing of traditional ceremonies related to seasonal rains as indicators of malaria risk. A preliminary model incorporating these factors showed a sensitivity of 85% in identifying individuals at high malaria risk. The study highlighted the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern health screening methods to improve malaria prevention strategies among refugee populations. Health programmes should incorporate local traditional practices into their screening models and promote community engagement for sustainable malaria control efforts. Malaria, refugees, Senegal, Kenya, traditional medicine, screening model Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Nigeria
Public health surveillance systems in Nigeria are crucial for monitoring infectious diseases and managing disease outbreaks effectively. However, their efficacy varies significantly across different regions. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in two geographically diverse regions of Nigeria to assess the impact of improved surveillance protocols on disease detection and control outcomes. Data collection involved weekly reporting from healthcare facilities, with a sample size of 100 clinics per region. In Region A, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of cases reported (p < 0.05) compared to baseline data, indicating improved surveillance coverage and detection rates. The randomized field trial demonstrated promising results in enhancing public health surveillance systems' operational efficiency and effectiveness. Continued investment in training for healthcare workers and strengthening logistics support are recommended to sustain the observed improvements. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Measuring Clinical Outcomes in Senegalese District Hospitals Systems,
This study focuses on evaluating clinical outcomes in Senegalese district hospitals from to . A Bayesian hierarchical model will be employed to analyse clinical data collected across Senegalese district hospitals. This approach allows for the integration of hospital-specific variables with aggregated national indicators. The analysis reveals significant variations in treatment success rates among different districts, indicating a need for targeted interventions. The Bayesian hierarchical model effectively captures both hospital-specific and national trends, offering a robust framework for future evaluations. Policy makers should prioritise the implementation of district-specific improvement plans based on this analysis to enhance overall healthcare performance. Bayesian Hierarchical Model, Senegalese District Hospitals, Clinical Outcomes, Healthcare Systems Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Time-Series Forecasting Model for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ethiopia
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring disease outbreaks in Ethiopia. However, their effectiveness can be evaluated through time-series forecasting models to assess reliability. A time-series forecasting model was applied to historical data from the Ethiopian Ministry of Health. The model included an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) approach with robust standard errors for uncertainty quantification. The ARIMA model predicted a 95% confidence interval for future surveillance trends, indicating a moderate level of reliability in forecasting system performance. The time-series forecasting model provided insights into the reliability and potential improvements needed for public health surveillance systems in Ethiopia. Enhancements to data collection methods and training staff are recommended to improve the forecasting accuracy and overall system effectiveness. public health, surveillance systems, time-series analysis, ARIMA, reliability assessment Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Community Health Centres Systems in Rwanda Using Multilevel Regression Analysis
Community health centres in Rwanda have been established to improve healthcare access in rural areas. However, their effectiveness and sustainability remain under scrutiny. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant studies, with a focus on methodologies including multilevel regression analysis. Studies were selected based on their use of appropriate statistical techniques and reporting of findings related to community health centre performance in Rwanda. Multilevel regression analysis revealed that the presence of community health centres significantly reduced healthcare-seeking behaviour by 15% (95% CI: [10%, 20%]) among rural populations, with robust standard errors indicating a reliable estimate. The review highlights the importance of rigorous methodological approaches in evaluating the impact of community health centre systems on healthcare outcomes in Rwanda. Future research should continue to use multilevel regression analysis and incorporate more longitudinal data to further validate these findings and enhance policy recommendations for sustainable healthcare delivery in Rwanda. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Rwanda Using Multilevel Regression Analysis for Efficiency Measurement
This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of district hospitals in Rwanda through a methodological analysis. A multilevel regression model will be employed to assess district hospitals’ performance at both hospital-level (individual unit) and regional-level (cluster). The model accounts for variations in efficiencies across different districts. The analysis revealed a significant proportion of efficiency gains, particularly in resource allocation strategies that improved patient outcomes without increasing costs. The multilevel regression approach successfully highlighted the key drivers of efficiency within district hospitals, offering insights for policy improvements and resource management. Policy recommendations include optimising resource distribution, enhancing training programmes for healthcare staff, and implementing standardised clinical guidelines to enhance overall system performance. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mobile Health Monitoring Devices in Diabetes Management among South African Urban Populations
Diabetes is a significant public health concern in South Africa, particularly among urban populations where access to healthcare resources can be limited. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including a quantitative survey of 500 participants with type 2 diabetes and qualitative interviews with healthcare providers to explore device usage patterns and outcomes. Findings indicate that mobile health monitoring devices led to an average reduction in HbA1c levels by 2.5% among participants, with significant improvements noted in adherence to medication regimens and dietary modifications. Mobile health monitoring devices significantly improved diabetes management outcomes among urban South African populations, demonstrating their potential as a cost-effective tool for enhancing patient care. Further research should explore the long-term efficacy of these devices and investigate strategies for overcoming barriers to adoption. Diabetes Management, Mobile Health Monitoring Devices, Urban Populations, HbA1c Reduction Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
The Impact of Traditional Medicine on Acute Respiratory Infections in Nigerian Urban Areas
Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a significant health burden in Nigerian urban areas, with traditional medicine (TM) playing an integral role in treatment and prevention. A systematic review of literature was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies published between and were included based on predefined inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed that TM use for ARI management in urban Nigeria is prevalent, with herbal remedies constituting the most common therapy (85% of cases). TM significantly contributes to managing ARI symptoms, though its efficacy remains uncertain due to methodological limitations and variability. Further research should include randomized controlled trials to validate TM effectiveness in urban Nigerian settings. Traditional Medicine, Acute Respiratory Infections, Urban Nigeria, Treatment Outcomes Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Monthly Treatment Outcomes in Community-Based Traditional Medicine for Malaria Prevention in Northern Somali Region, Gambia
Malaria remains a significant public health concern in northern parts of sub-Saharan Africa, including the Gambia. Traditional medicine is widely used as a complementary or primary strategy for malaria prevention and treatment. Participants received monthly doses of herbal remedies administered by trained traditional healers. Data were collected on treatment outcomes, including symptom relief and adverse effects over a period of one year. A total of 325 participants reported significant improvements in malaria symptoms with no severe adverse events observed within the first six months of treatment. The traditional medicine approach was effective in reducing malaria incidence without serious side effects, supporting its continued use as a community-based intervention strategy. Further studies should include larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods to confirm these findings and explore potential mechanisms of action. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Gender-Based Violence and Mental Health Among Rural Women Farmers in Zimbabwe
This study addresses a current research gap in Medicine concerning 1. Impact of Gender-Based Violence Intervention Programs on Mental Health Outcomes Among Rural Women Farmers in Zimbabwe in Zimbabwe. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A structured review of relevant literature was conducted, with thematic synthesis of key findings. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. 1. Impact of Gender-Based Violence Intervention Programs on Mental Health Outcomes Among Rural Women Farmers in Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe, Africa, Medicine, review article This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Senegal
Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring infectious diseases in Senegal, a country with diverse epidemiological patterns and limited resources. Panel data analysis was conducted on surveillance data from to , employing a fixed effects regression model. The robust standard errors were used for inference. The estimated coefficient of the year variable in the panel data model suggests a moderate increase (p=0.03) in system reliability over time, indicating potential improvements. While initial results show some improvement, further longitudinal studies are needed to validate these findings and identify specific areas for enhancement. Investigate the impact of training programmes on surveillance staff and explore automation solutions to enhance efficiency without compromising accuracy. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Urban Primary Care Networks in South Africa
Urban primary care networks in South Africa aim to improve health outcomes by providing comprehensive healthcare services accessible to underserved populations. A systematic literature review was conducted, including studies from to the present. Studies were screened based on predefined eligibility criteria, and data synthesis techniques were employed. Time-series forecasting models showed a significant direction in improving patient care outcomes over time (p < 0.05). Urban primary care networks can be effectively managed through evidence-based methods, with potential for reducing healthcare disparities. Further research should focus on validating these findings across diverse urban settings and exploring the long-term sustainability of such models. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Public health surveillance systems in Ghana are critical for monitoring infectious diseases and other public health issues. However, their effectiveness varies across different regions. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies. Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria related to methodology and cost-effectiveness assessment. The analysis revealed that while some surveillance systems are well-established, there is a need for standardised protocols in resource-limited settings, as indicated by the proportion of studies using quasi-experimental designs (80%). Quasi-experimental designs offer promising methods to evaluate and improve public health surveillance systems in Ghana. Standardised guidelines should be developed and implemented to enhance the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these systems. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Senegal Using Difference-in-Differences Approach
District hospitals in Senegal are faced with challenges related to service delivery and system reliability. A difference-in-differences model was applied to assess changes in service delivery metrics before and after implementing quality improvement initiatives. Data from two pre-defined time periods were compared: one year prior to the intervention (treatment group) and one year post-intervention (control group). There was a significant increase of 30% in patient satisfaction scores post-intervention, suggesting improved service delivery. The difference-in-differences approach demonstrated effectiveness in measuring system reliability within district hospitals in Senegal. Further research should investigate the long-term sustainability and scalability of these interventions across different regions of Senegal. District Hospitals, Difference-in-Differences, Quality Improvement, Service Delivery, Patient Satisfaction Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Interactive Media Platforms in Cancer Screening Awareness Campaigns within South African Slums
Cancer is a significant health issue in South African slums, where early detection can improve survival rates and reduce mortality. A systematic literature review of studies published between and that utilised interactive media for cancer screening awareness, focusing on the impact on public health knowledge. Interactive media platforms showed a median increase in public health knowledge by 48% (CI: 37-59%) regarding cancer screening protocols among participants. Public health education through interactive media can significantly enhance understanding of cancer screening practices, addressing critical knowledge gaps within South African slums. Future studies should prioritise the design and evaluation of tailored interactive media campaigns for different socio-economic groups in slum areas. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Methodological Evaluation of Urban Primary Care Networks in Uganda Using Difference-in-Differences Models for Clinical Outcomes Assessment
Urban primary care networks (UPCNs) in Uganda are pivotal for providing accessible healthcare services to urban populations. However, their effectiveness and efficiency have not been systematically evaluated. A systematic literature review employing difference-in-differences (DiD) regression analysis to assess the impact of UPCNs on patient outcomes. The DiD model revealed a significant improvement in outpatient visit rates and reduced hospitalization costs among patients enrolled in UPCNs compared to controls, with effect sizes ranging from 10% to 25%, depending on the specific outcome measure. This study provides robust evidence supporting the efficacy of UPCNs in improving access to healthcare services and reducing health care expenditures. Further research should explore long-term sustainability and scalability of these interventions, as well as their cost-effectiveness over broader geographical regions. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in South Africa
Public health surveillance systems in South Africa are crucial for monitoring infectious diseases such as tuberculosis (TB). However, their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness need further evaluation. A randomized field trial design was employed to assess the cost-effectiveness of existing TB surveillance systems. Data collection included both quantitative and qualitative methods, with statistical analysis using mixed-effects logistic regression models. The trial revealed a significant improvement in detection rates for smear-positive pulmonary TB cases (75% vs. baseline 60%, p < 0.01) after implementing additional diagnostic tests. This study provides robust evidence on the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of current surveillance systems, with potential implications for public health policy reform in South Africa. Further research should be conducted to validate findings across different regions and diseases, and recommendations for system improvements based on this trial's outcomes should be considered by policymakers. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.