Community-based sanitation programmes have been implemented in Nairobi slums to improve hygiene practices among residents. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys was employed to assess the effectiveness of gender-sensitive sanitation programmes. Gender disparities were identified in participation rates; women participated at lower levels than men, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to ensure equitable access and use of sanitation facilities. The findings underscore the importance of integrating gender perspectives into sanitation programme design to enhance overall health outcomes and community engagement. Programmes should prioritise inclusive designs that address structural barriers faced by marginalized groups, particularly women and girls.