African Journal of Gender, Law and Social Equity (Social Science/Humanities/Law
African Journal of Gender, Law and Social Equity (Social Science/Humanities/Law is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
After the Gun: Masculinity, Militarism, and the Gendered Political Culture of Post-Conflict Societies
After the Gun: Masculinity, Militarism, and the Gendered Political Culture of Post-Conflict Societies examines the reproduction of armed masculine authority inside post-conflict governance, everyday community power, and reintegration practice. The article places South Sudan at the centre of the analysis, but it resists treating the case as uniquely exceptional or analytically sealed off from wider African and global debates. Instead, it brings Feminist security studies (Enloe; Tickner; Connell on hegemonic masculinity); critical military studies (Higate; Woodward); post-conflict gender relations (Pankhurst; El-Bushra). Examines how armed conflict constructs, transforms, and reproduces masculine identity in ways that shape post-conflict political culture and governance. into one conversation and develops the concept of militarised masculinity to explain how formal norms, institutional design, and practical struggles over authority become fused. Using Life history interviews with former combatants (including former child soldiers) in South Sudan and diaspora communities; ethnographic observation of community political life in Jonglei and Eastern Equatoria; critical discourse analysis of political leadership rhetoric and state ceremonial; comparison with Liberia and Sierra Leone post-conflict masculinity research., the paper reconstructs three linked propositions. First, it shows that combat socialisation and masculine identity. Second, it demonstrates that militarised authority in community and state. Third, it argues that reintegration beyond heroism and victimhood. The paper answers the central puzzle posed by the research agenda—how does the experience of combat — particularly for child soldiers who spent formative years in armed environments — produce specific configu
Copyright (c) 2026 African Journal of Gender, Law and Social Equity (Social Science/Humanities/Law
After the Gun: Masculinity, Militarism, and the Gendered Political Culture of Post-Conflict Societies examines the persistence of militarized masculine authority in post-conflict governance, community power relations, and reintegration processes. Centering South Sudan without treating it as exceptional, the study situates the case within broader debates in feminist security studies, critical military studies, and post-conflict gender relations. It develops the concept of militarized masculinity to explain how gendered identities, institutional practices, and struggles over authority shape post-conflict political culture. Drawing on life history interviews with former combatants, including former child soldiers, in South Sudan and diaspora communities; ethnographic observation of community life in Jonglei and Eastern Equatoria; critical discourse analysis of political rhetoric and state ceremonial; and comparative insights from Liberia and Sierra Leone, the study advances three linked propositions. First, combat socialization produces durable forms of masculine identity that extend beyond wartime. Second, these identities sustain militarized forms of authority within both community and state institutions. Third, reintegration processes remain limited when framed narrowly through binaries of heroism and victimhood. The analysis addresses the central question of how experiences of combat—especially among those socialized into violence at a young age—shape political behaviour, community authority, and gender relations in civilian life. It shows that gender norms, institutional practices, and political narratives function as interconnected sites of power rather than separate domains. The study concludes that post-conflict reform efforts fail when they overlook the gendered f
Gender-Sensitive Legal Reforms and Domestic Violence Cases in Cape Town Magistrate Courts
Domestic violence remains a significant issue in Cape Town's magistrate courts, with gender-sensitive legal reforms aimed at addressing this challenge. The assessment is based on a qualitative review of court records and interviews with judges, attorneys, and victims to gauge reform effectiveness. The study concludes that gender-sensitive legal reforms are effective in enhancing reporting rates for domestic violence cases, particularly in terms of order compliance. Further training for judicial staff is recommended to ensure consistent application of new laws and enhance victim support services.
Copyright (c) 2012 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Mobile Payment Acceptance Patterns Among Urban Youth in Lagos
Mobile payment systems are increasingly prevalent in urban areas of Nigeria, offering convenience and efficiency for consumers. However, their acceptance among young urban residents (youth) is not uniform or well-documented. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews. The survey utilised structured questions and open-ended prompts to gather data on acceptance and usage preferences. During the study period, 65% of respondents expressed a willingness to use mobile payments for everyday transactions, but there were significant variations in acceptance rates based on socioeconomic status (SES). The findings highlight disparities in mobile payment adoption among youth from different SES backgrounds, which is crucial information for policymakers aiming to promote financial inclusion. Policymakers should design targeted interventions that address the unique needs of low- and high-SES youth. This includes enhancing digital literacy programmes and providing affordable mobile payment options.
Geographic Terms: Nigerian Methodological Terms: Experimental Design Theoretical Terms: Consumer Behaviour Empirical Research Qualitative Analysis
The Jurisprudential Landscape of Law Research in Ethiopia
Ethiopia's legal landscape is a focal point for law research in Africa, with significant implications for policy formulation. A qualitative approach was employed to review existing literature and interviews conducted with legal scholars and policymakers. Ethiopian legal research heavily emphasizes civil law principles, which can influence policy decisions but may overlook other legal traditions. Policymakers should consider the broader spectrum of legal influences to ensure comprehensive and equitable policy formulation.
Copyright (c) 2011 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Youth Civic Engagement in Legal Processes across African Societies
Youth civic engagement in legal processes across African societies is increasingly recognised as a critical area for research and policy development. A comprehensive review of existing theories and frameworks related to youth participation in law will be conducted to inform the development of this theoretical model. This framework provides a robust foundation for understanding youth engagement patterns across different legal domains within African societies. Policy makers should prioritise initiatives that enhance the capacity of youth to participate effectively in legal processes and advocate for their rights.
Gender-Inclusive Hygiene Practices in Community-Based Sanitation Programmes
Community-based sanitation programmes have been implemented in Nairobi slums to improve hygiene practices among residents. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys was employed to assess the effectiveness of gender-sensitive sanitation programmes. Gender disparities were identified in participation rates; women participated at lower levels than men, highlighting the need for tailored interventions to ensure equitable access and use of sanitation facilities. The findings underscore the importance of integrating gender perspectives into sanitation programme design to enhance overall health outcomes and community engagement. Programmes should prioritise inclusive designs that address structural barriers faced by marginalized groups, particularly women and girls.
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Informal Sector Legal Dynamics in South African Urban Environments, c.
The informal sector in South African urban environments has been a subject of increasing interest due to its significant role in economic growth and social integration. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews with quantitative analysis of government data and legal documents to understand the complex interplay between law and practice in the informal economy. The research identified a notable trend where urban local authorities were increasingly adopting more formalized policies aimed at regulating the informal sector, but these efforts often faced significant resistance from community members who relied on informal activities for livelihoods. While there is growing recognition of the importance of supporting informal workers within legal frameworks, achieving sustainable integration requires a nuanced approach that balances regulation with social support and economic empowerment. Local governments should develop targeted interventions to assist informal sector members in transitioning into formal economic activities while ensuring their basic needs are met through social safety nets.
Informal Sector Dynamics and Legal Frameworks in Mozambique's Urban Areas, 2009
Informal sector dynamics have been a significant aspect of urban economies in Mozambique since the early 2000s. A qualitative approach was employed through interviews with business owners, community leaders, and government officials to gather insights into the operational dynamics and legal barriers faced by the informal sector in urban Mozambique. The findings highlight a significant proportion (45%) of urban businesses operate informally due to regulatory gaps and lack of access to formal financing. Legal frameworks often fail to recognise these businesses, leading to discriminatory practices and economic marginalization. The study concludes that legal reforms are imperative for inclusively integrating the informal sector into mainstream economy structures in Mozambique's urban areas. Recommendations include strengthening existing legal protections for informal sector workers and businesses, improving access to formal financial services, and enhancing community engagement with government agencies to foster inclusive growth policies.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law in Post-Traumatic Societies
Rwanda has experienced significant political and legal transitions since the genocide in , which have influenced its constitutionalism and rule of law framework. This action research employs qualitative methods including interviews with legal practitioners, policymakers, and community leaders in Rwanda. Data analysis involves thematic content coding. The study reveals that while Rwanda has made strides in establishing constitutional institutions such as the Constitutional Court and Human Rights Commission, challenges remain in ensuring fair trials and effective enforcement of laws post-genocide trauma. Rwanda’s journey towards a stable legal framework is marked by both progress and persistent obstacles due to historical traumas and socio-political dynamics. Future research should focus on developing comprehensive training programmes for judicial personnel, particularly in areas related to trauma-informed justice systems.
Mobile Payment Adoption by Low-Income Households in Nigerian Slums
In Lagos’s slums, low-income households face significant challenges in accessing formal financial services, hindering economic growth and social equity. Qualitative research methods were employed, including semi-structured interviews with 100 participants aged between 25 and 60, focusing on their experiences using mobile payment services like M-Pesa and Airtel Money. Mobile payments are predominantly used for small transactions (average transaction size: $3 USD) and primarily for remittances from urban areas to rural families. Use frequency varies by household income level, with higher-income households adopting these platforms more frequently. Mobile payment services can be a viable pathway for financial inclusion in Lagos’s slums, particularly when tailored to meet the specific needs of low-income users. Policy makers should prioritise the development and promotion of mobile payment systems that are accessible, affordable, and culturally relevant to low-income communities. Simultaneously, subsidies or incentives could be offered to encourage wider adoption among these households.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Sustainable Development Principles and Legal Frameworks in Democratic Republic of Congo
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is a country grappling with significant socio-economic challenges, including poverty and environmental degradation. The analysis employs a comparative legal framework approach, examining existing laws, policies, and international agreements relevant to sustainable development in DRC. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been integrated into the national agenda, with 60% of DRC’s legislative framework now aligning with SDG targets. However, implementation remains challenging due to resource constraints and enforcement issues. While progress has been made in incorporating sustainable development principles into law, significant challenges persist in translating these principles into effective policy outcomes. Enhanced funding for environmental protection programmes, strengthened judicial systems, and more comprehensive public education campaigns are recommended to improve SDG implementation.
Gender Justice and Legal Empowerment in Rural South Sudan
South Sudan faces significant gender disparities in rural areas due to historical patriarchal structures and limited legal protections for women. Theoretical synthesis approach will be employed, integrating feminist jurisprudence with empirical evidence from South Sudan's rural regions. The theoretical framework underscores the need for culturally sensitive legal reforms and community engagement in promoting gender equality. Recommendation includes developing localized legal education programmes and integrating traditional practices with modern legal frameworks.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Community-Led Transformation Projects in South African Semi-arid Areas
Community-led transformation projects in semi-arid areas of South Africa have emerged as a response to desertification challenges. A survey research approach was employed to gather data from participants involved in various transformation projects across South Africa's semi-arid regions. The sample included both project leaders and beneficiaries. The study identified a significant proportion (35%) of respondents who reported enhanced economic stability through diversified income streams, such as eco-tourism and sustainable agriculture. Socially, there was notable improvement in community cohesion and empowerment initiatives that fostered collective action against desertification. Community-led transformation projects have demonstrated tangible benefits in fostering sustainability and resilience within semi-arid South African communities. However, further research is needed to evaluate the long-term impacts of these interventions. Policymakers should prioritise funding for community empowerment programmes and provide support for infrastructure development that can sustainably benefit project outcomes.
Mobile agriculture market platforms have emerged as a significant innovation in rural economies, enabling smallholder farmers to access new markets and technologies. This article focuses on their impact on income stability and growth among Ethiopian smallholder farmers. This work employs qualitative content analysis of longitudinal sales data from mobile agriculture market platforms, focusing on farmer feedback and platform performance indicators. The theoretical framework developed highlights key factors such as platform functionality, farmer engagement, and market access that collectively contribute to income growth among smallholder farmers. Policy-makers should prioritise investments in mobile agriculture market platforms that are designed for local contexts, ensuring they meet the specific needs of smallholder farmers. Additionally, continuous training programmes for farmers on digital literacy and platform use are recommended.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Informal Sector Dynamics Within Urban Ghanaian Law Framework,
Informal sector dynamics play a significant role in urban economies of developing countries, including Ghana. The legal framework governing these sectors is often criticized for its inadequacy and inconsistency. Qualitative research methods were employed through semi-structured interviews with key informants from various sectors including business owners, community leaders, and government officials. Data collection was conducted in Accra and Kumasi. Interviews revealed that while there is a legal framework for informal sector activities, its implementation varies significantly across urban areas, leading to inconsistencies in enforcement practices. The findings highlight the need for more consistent and effective legal frameworks to support the growth of urban informal sectors in Ghana. Policy recommendations include strengthening enforcement mechanisms and improving stakeholder engagement in policy development processes.
Gender Neutrality in Legal Education for Northern Ghana's Nomadic Villages
Nomadic villages in northern Ghana face unique challenges regarding legal education due to their remote locations and nomadic lifestyle. The theoretical framework aims to guide practical applications in future empirical research by providing a robust structure for assessing the impact of gender-neutral legal education programmes in nomadic villages.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Micro-Solar Projects and Poverty Reduction in Fishing Communities of Lake Victoria
Micro-solar projects have shown potential in promoting sustainable livelihoods in rural communities, particularly in resource-limited settings such as fishing communities around Lake Victoria. This action research study employed participatory methods involving interviews, focus group discussions, and community surveys conducted over a three-year period (-). Data collection focused on socio-economic impacts and community perceptions of the projects. Micro-solar adoption among fishing households increased by 40% with significant improvements in lighting conditions, reducing dependency on traditional kerosene lamps. Economic benefits were substantial, leading to a 35% reduction in energy-related expenditures per household. The micro-solar projects significantly contributed to poverty alleviation and sustainability goals within the studied fishing communities of Lake Victoria, Uganda. Policy makers should consider integrating solar energy solutions into existing development programmes for underprivileged regions. Community stakeholders must be actively involved in project design and implementation to ensure long-term success.
Women's Empowerment Through Solar Microgrids
Solar microgrids are a promising solution for energy access in rural areas of developing countries like Burkina Faso. The study employed mixed methods including quantitative surveys (N=300) to assess energy access and qualitative interviews (n=50) to explore the socio-economic impact of solar microgrids. Women who gained access to solar microgrids reported a significant increase in household income by an average of 24% compared to those without such access, highlighting the multiplier effect on economic empowerment. The findings underscore the critical role of women's energy access in enhancing household incomes and advocate for policy interventions that prioritise gender-sensitive infrastructure development. Public-private partnerships should be encouraged to fund solar microgrid projects with a focus on beneficiary inclusion, particularly targeting rural areas where women are underrepresented.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Intellectual Property Law and Technology Transfer in Liberian Universities
Intellectual Property (IP) Law in Liberia is evolving to align with international standards, particularly concerning technology transfer and university research outputs. A qualitative analysis of existing policies, interviews with university officials, and a review of relevant literature were conducted to inform the policy perspective. Liberian universities are showing varying levels of success in managing their IP outputs, with some implementing robust mechanisms for technology transfer while others lag behind. The current landscape highlights both challenges and opportunities in leveraging Liberian university research for national development through improved IP management systems. Recommendations include strengthening legal frameworks, enhancing capacity building programmes, and promoting collaboration between universities and industry partners to facilitate effective technology transfer.
Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Congolese Farmers of Virunga National Park Buffer Zone
The Virunga National Park in Congo is a biodiversity hotspot, with its buffer zone being an important agricultural area for local farmers. A longitudinal survey was conducted among 200 randomly selected farmers in the Virunga National Park buffer zone over a five-year period. Sustainable farming practices reduced soil erosion by up to 30% and increased crop yields by an average of 15% compared to conventional methods, indicating significant ecological and economic benefits. The adoption of sustainable agriculture practices has shown promising results in improving the livelihoods of farmers while preserving natural resources. Policy makers should incentivize the adoption of sustainable farming techniques through subsidies and training programmes.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Retention and Graduation Outcomes in Youth Employment Training Workshops for South African Slum Residents, 2002 Context
Youth employment training workshops have been implemented in South African slums to address unemployment among vulnerable youth. Qualitative data analysis was conducted on participant feedback and workshop records from . Retention rates varied significantly by gender, with female participants showing higher persistence than males, indicating a need for tailored support strategies. The workshops were effective in providing initial skills training but required more targeted interventions to enhance long-term employability outcomes. Workshops should incorporate gender-specific educational materials and mentoring programmes to improve retention rates. Youth employment, Slums, Retention, Graduation outcomes, South Africa
Youth Activism and Legal Reform in African Societies
Youth activism is increasingly recognised as a significant driver of legal reform in African societies, with Morocco serving as an illustrative case study. The analysis employs qualitative research methods to explore interviews, surveys, and secondary data from relevant Moroccan institutions. Youth activists have successfully advocated for legal changes that address issues such as discrimination against marginalized groups, highlighting the importance of youth engagement in policy-making processes. This study underscores the crucial role of young people in fostering inclusive legal systems through their activism and advocacy efforts. Policy makers should prioritise inclusivity by actively engaging with youth on legislative changes to ensure they are aligned with societal needs and values.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Corporate Accountability and Environmental Compliance under Nigerian Law
Environmental compliance in Nigeria is a critical yet underregulated area, particularly concerning corporate accountability. The country's legal framework includes provisions for environmental protection and enforcement but lacks effective implementation. The study employs a qualitative approach, analysing existing laws, judicial decisions, and industry practices to assess the effectiveness of environmental regulations and enforcement mechanisms in Nigeria. Findings indicate that while there is legal provision for corporate accountability under environmental law, actual compliance rates are low, with many companies failing to meet regulatory standards due to resource constraints and weak oversight. The analysis reveals a need for stronger enforcement mechanisms and incentives for compliance, coupled with greater public awareness of environmental responsibilities. Recommendations aim to bridge these gaps. Enhance legal penalties for non-compliance, establish independent monitoring bodies, and implement community-based participatory approaches in environmental management.
Urban slums in Morocco present unique challenges for access to justice due to socio-economic disparities and limited legal infrastructure. A mixed-methods survey approach was employed, combining quantitative data from structured questionnaires with qualitative insights through interviews to comprehensively evaluate access to justice challenges. Approximately 72% of respondents reported difficulties accessing legal aid services, predominantly due to financial constraints and geographical barriers. Over half expressed dissatisfaction with existing support systems. The survey highlights substantial gaps in legal accessibility for urban slum dwellers, particularly affecting marginalized groups such as women and the elderly. Investment is needed in community-based legal education programmes and digital platforms to enhance access to justice, alongside improved financial assistance mechanisms. Access to Justice, Urban Slums, Vulnerable Populations, Morocco
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Gender Justice Framework for Legal Empowerment of Rural Women in DRC
The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) faces significant gender disparities in legal empowerment within rural communities. A conceptual analysis focusing on existing literature and expert consultations to construct the framework. This theoretical framework identifies areas for policy intervention and legal reform to improve gender justice in rural DRC. Policy makers should prioritise the development of comprehensive legal frameworks that address customary laws and integrate gender-sensitive training programmes for law enforcement officials.