Climate Smart Agriculture Practices Amongst Mozambique's Smallholder Farmers: A Comparative Analysis Over Time

Climate change impacts are increasingly evident in Mozambique's agricultural sector, necessitating innovative solutions to enhance food security and sustainability. The study employed quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather data from two distinct periods: pre- and post-. Data were analysed using thematic analysis for qualitative insights and regression models for quantifiable outcomes. A notable trend observed was a significant increase in CSA adoption by smallholder farmers, with over 60% of respondents indicating increased yields after implementing CSA practices. The findings highlight the potential of CSA to mitigate climate-induced agricultural challenges and underscore the need for sustained policy support and farmer education initiatives to ensure widespread adoption. Policy makers should prioritise investment in CSA research, extension services, and capacity building programmes targeting smallholder farmers. Farmer-centric approaches are recommended to enhance local ownership and sustainability.