This article examines Illicit Financial Flows and Security: Money Laundering, Tax Evasion, and Conflict Financing: Institutional Dimensions and Reform Pathways with a focused emphasis on Nigeria within the field of Political Science. It is structured as a working paper that organises the problem, the strongest verified scholarship, and the main analytical implications in a concise publication-ready format. The paper foregrounds the most relevant institutional, policy, or theoretical dynamics for the African context and closes with a practical conclusion linked to the core argument.