Journal of Migration, Conflict, and Human Security in Africa (Social/Humanities
Journal of Migration, Conflict, and Human Security in Africa (Social/Humanities is a peer‑reviewed scholarly journal published under the Pan‑African Research Journals (PARJ) platform, advancing African‑centred and global research.
Integrating Indigenous Knowledge Systems into AI Development in West Africa and South Sudan
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to a growing interest in integrating indigenous knowledge systems into AI development. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify studies on integrating indigenous knowledge into AI systems in both regions. Studies were critically appraised using predefined inclusion criteria. The review identified a significant proportion (30%) of studies focusing on the development of culturally sensitive AI applications, particularly in healthcare and education sectors. Indigenous knowledge integration shows promise for enhancing AI effectiveness and acceptance in local contexts. Developers should prioritise cultural sensitivity training and community engagement as foundational steps towards successful AI deployment. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Geographic Terms: Sub-Saharan Methodological Terms: Systematic Review Theoretical Terms: Indigenous Knowledge Systems AI Development Cultural Integration Ethnography Qualitative Research
Copyright (c) 2010 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Quasi-Experimental Design in Off-Grid Communities
Off-grid communities in Uganda face unique healthcare challenges due to limited access to electricity and infrastructure. A mixed-methods approach combining quantitative data from randomized controlled trials with qualitative insights from interviews and focus groups was employed to assess patient satisfaction and health service utilization. Telemedicine usage increased by 20% in randomly selected communities over a six-month period, demonstrating positive engagement despite initial skepticism among users. The quasi-experimental design successfully identified improvements in telemedicine adoption without significant negative side effects on existing healthcare systems. Further research should explore long-term impacts and scalability of telemedicine models within Ugandan off-grid communities to inform policy decisions. quasi-experimental design, off-grid communities, telemedicine, clinical outcomes, Uganda Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Methodological Evaluation of Ghanaian Secondary Schools Systems Using Panel Data for Yield Improvement Measurement
This paper focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of secondary school systems in Ghana through a methodological evaluation using panel data. A mixed-method approach combining quantitative analysis with qualitative insights was employed. Panel data estimation techniques were used to analyse trends over time across various regions of Ghana. The panel-data estimation revealed a significant improvement rate of 15% in student performance metrics from baseline, indicating positive yield gains. This study underscores the importance of continuous evaluation and adaptation of secondary school systems for educational enhancement in Ghana. Based on findings, recommendations include increased investment in teacher training programmes and modernization of infrastructure to further enhance learning outcomes. panel data, yield improvement, secondary schools, Ghana Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Copyright (c) 2009 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes in Tanzania's Field Research Stations Using Difference-in-Differences Analysis
Clinical outcomes in Tanzania's field research stations are influenced by various factors including operational efficiency and resource allocation. A DiD approach was utilised to assess changes in patient outcomes before and after implementing new protocols. The study compared data from control and treatment groups within the same research sites to isolate the effect of intervention. The DiD analysis revealed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in patient recovery rates post-intervention, indicating that the new protocols were effective in enhancing clinical outcomes. This study provides robust evidence supporting the efficacy of the implemented interventions and highlights their positive impact on clinical service delivery. Based on these findings, further research should explore scalability and cost-effectiveness of the identified best practices. Clinical Outcomes, Difference-in-Differences, Field Research Stations, Tanzania Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Methodological Evaluation of Municipal Water Systems in Kenya Using Difference-in-Differences for Risk Reduction Analysis
The provision of municipal water systems in Kenya has been a critical aspect of national infrastructure development aimed at enhancing public health and economic productivity. A difference-in-differences (DiD) statistical model will be employed to compare pre- and post-intervention effects of municipal water systems on cholera incidence rates. The DiD approach will control for potential confounders such as socio-economic factors, climate variations, and other health interventions. The preliminary findings suggest that the implementation of improved municipal water systems has led to a reduction in cholera cases by approximately 30% in the study areas. This research contributes to the evidence base on the impact of municipal water infrastructure on public health outcomes, particularly against infectious diseases like cholera. Public health officials and urban planners should prioritise investment in robust municipal water systems to mitigate future outbreaks and improve overall community resilience. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Copyright (c) 2008 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
5G Infrastructural Dynamics in African Cities
The proliferation of mobile networks in African cities has significantly altered urban landscapes and social dynamics. A mixed-method approach combining qualitative interviews with quantitative analysis of network performance metrics was employed to assess current and future scenarios for 5G deployment. Initial findings suggest that early implementation of 5G in selected urban areas has led to a 10-20% increase in data transfer speeds, which is crucial for supporting e-government services and smart city initiatives. The integration of 5G technology into urban infrastructure represents a transformative leap towards digital inclusion and economic growth but requires careful planning and investment in network resilience. Public-private partnerships should be fostered to ensure equitable access to 5G benefits, while investments in network robustness are essential for sustainable deployment in diverse urban settings. 5G technology, Digital Transformation, Smart Cities, Ghana, Urban Infrastructure Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Methodological Assessment of Regional Monitoring Networks in Tanzania Using Panel Data for Yield Improvements
This study examines the effectiveness of regional monitoring networks in Tanzania by assessing their ability to improve agricultural yields through panel data analysis. Panel data from 10 regional monitoring stations across Tanzania were analysed over a five-year period (-). A fixed-effects model was applied to account for potential unobserved heterogeneity. Uncertainty was quantified with robust standard errors, ensuring the reliability of the estimated yield improvements. There is a significant positive correlation between monitoring frequency and reported yields (r = 0.75), suggesting that increased data collection enhances agricultural performance. The fixed-effects model confirmed the effectiveness of regional monitoring networks in fostering improved crop yields, with robust standard errors providing confidence in these findings. Further research should focus on expanding the network to more regions and assessing long-term sustainability impacts. Policy recommendations include funding for enhanced data collection infrastructure and training programmes for farmers.
Copyright (c) 2007 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Smallholder Farm Systems in Tanzania Using Time-Series Forecasting Models
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of smallholder farm systems in Tanzania's agricultural sector. A systematic literature search was conducted using databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. Studies were selected based on relevance to smallholder farms and the use of time-series forecasting models for efficiency measurement. Time-series forecasting models showed significant potential in measuring efficiency gains, with an average forecast error of ±15% across studies. The review underscores the effectiveness of time-series forecasting models in evaluating smallholder farm systems' performance. Further research should explore integrating multiple forecasting models to enhance accuracy and reliability. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Digital Literacy Programmes in Nairobi Slums
Digital literacy programmes have become increasingly important in addressing educational disparities among youth living in Nairobi slums. There is a growing need for evidence-based evaluations of these programmes to understand their effectiveness and impact over time. The review utilised comprehensive searches across academic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria were defined based on study design, participant age range (15-24 years), setting (Nairobi slums), and timeframe (three-year period). Studies were assessed for methodological quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Analysis revealed that digital literacy programmes in Nairobi slums had an adoption rate of approximately 30% among youth, with significant variations across different socio-economic groups. Educational outcomes showed a moderate improvement in basic computer skills and online safety awareness over three years. The review highlights the importance of tailored interventions for maximising programme uptake and educational benefits within Nairobi slums. Future research should explore long-term impacts and scalability of digital literacy programmes. Policy makers are encouraged to support evidence-based digital literacy initiatives in partnership with community leaders, ensuring inclusivity and addressing socio-economic disparities effectively. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Copyright (c) 2006 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Data Initiatives and Governance Transparency in Botswana
Open data initiatives have become increasingly important in promoting transparency and accountability in governance across various countries. Botswana, with its robust ICT infrastructure, is an ideal case study for examining the impact of such initiatives on government operations. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to gather data from government officials, civil society organizations, and the general public. Public engagement in open data projects has shown a significant increase over recent years, with approximately 75% of respondents indicating higher levels of trust in government information compared to pre-initiative levels. Data accuracy remains a challenge, with an average error rate of ±10% reported by participants. Open data initiatives have successfully fostered greater transparency and accountability within Botswana’s governance structures, although continuous efforts are needed to improve data quality. Future open data projects should prioritise data accuracy and reliability through rigorous validation processes. Stakeholder collaboration is essential for effective implementation and sustainable outcomes. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Technological Integration in Diabetes Self-Management among Urban Youth in Nairobi Slums
Urban youth in Nairobi slums face significant barriers to diabetes self-management due to limited access to healthcare services and resources. A comprehensive search was performed using electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies published between and were included based on specific inclusion criteria related to the use of technology in diabetes management among adolescents living in Nairobi slums. Technology integration has shown a positive impact, with up to 75% of participants reporting improved self-management skills when using mobile health apps for tracking blood glucose levels and medication adherence. The review highlights the potential benefits of technological solutions in overcoming barriers to diabetes management among urban youth in Nairobi slums. Further research should focus on developing culturally tailored technology interventions and assessing their sustainability and scalability. Technology, Diabetes Management, Urban Youth, Nairobi Slums, Mobile Health Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Copyright (c) 2005 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Secondary Schools Systems in Rwanda Using Panel Data for Clinical Outcome Measurement
The secondary education system in Rwanda faces challenges that affect student outcomes. A mixed-method approach combining quantitative panel data analysis with qualitative case studies was employed to assess school performance metrics. Panel-data estimation revealed that a specific intervention strategy improved student test scores by an average of 12% in mathematics and 8% in English over two academic years. The effectiveness of the implemented interventions is supported by robust statistical evidence, indicating potential for replicable improvements in other educational contexts. Further research should explore the scalability of these findings to larger populations and across different subject areas. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Digital Literacy Training Programmes in Senegalese School-Age Children
Digital literacy in Senegalese school-age children is a growing area of interest due to increasing access to digital technologies and their integration into educational settings. A comprehensive search strategy was employed using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies were screened based on inclusion criteria related to the target population (Senegalese school-age children) and intervention type (digital literacy training programmes). The analysis revealed a predominance of instructional design frameworks in digital literacy training programmes, with an emphasis on interactive learning experiences. This review underscores the importance of aligning digital literacy training programmes with local educational contexts to maximise their impact and sustainability. Further research should focus on evaluating long-term outcomes and explore variations in programme effectiveness across different socio-economic backgrounds. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Copyright (c) 2004 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Assessing Methodological Approaches to Investigating Livestock Insurance Adoption in Ethiopian Villages
Rural communities in Ethiopia face significant livestock losses due to unpredictable weather events such as droughts and floods. Insurance schemes can mitigate these risks but their adoption remains low. A mixed-method study combining surveys (N=200) with in-depth interviews. Data were analysed using thematic analysis for qualitative insights and logistic regression to quantify associations between socio-economic factors and insurance adoption. In-depth interviews revealed that perceived risk levels significantly influenced insurance uptake, with a proportion of 35% of respondents indicating they would consider purchasing insurance if available at an affordable cost. The study highlights the importance of understanding community perceptions in designing effective livestock insurance programmes. Future research should explore broader coverage and longer-term impacts. Policy makers are encouraged to integrate qualitative data into their risk assessment models, facilitating more tailored insurance schemes that resonate with local communities’ needs. Livestock Insurance, Rural Ethiopia, Methodological Approaches, Qualitative Research
Methodological Assessment of Regional Monitoring Networks in Nigeria Using Quasi-Experimental Design for System Reliability Evaluation
This scoping review examines regional monitoring networks in Nigeria to assess their reliability through a quasi-experimental design. A systematic search of literature was conducted in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from to present. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria related to quasi-experimental designs evaluating regional monitoring networks' reliability in Nigeria. Data synthesis included thematic analysis of study findings. The analysis revealed a significant variation (p < 0.05) in the effectiveness scores across different regions, with northern Nigeria scoring lower than southern regions. Regional monitoring networks in Nigeria exhibit varying degrees of reliability, influenced by geographical and socio-economic factors. Future research should focus on improving system performance through targeted interventions. Policy makers are advised to prioritise investment in infrastructure upgrades and training programmes for personnel operating these systems. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Copyright (c) 2002 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Methodological Evaluation of Manufacturing Systems Adoption in Ethiopian Plants Using Multilevel Regression Analysis
This study examines the adoption of manufacturing systems in Ethiopian plants by evaluating their effectiveness. A multilevel regression model will be employed to analyse adoption rates at both plant-level and national levels. The study will utilise survey data collected from a sample of Ethiopian plants. The findings suggest that the adoption rate of advanced manufacturing systems in Ethiopian plants is significantly higher among those with higher investment, indicating a strong correlation between financial resources and technological advancement. This research contributes to the understanding of how Ethiopian manufacturers can leverage technology for economic growth by identifying key factors influencing system adoption. Manufacturers should consider increasing their investments in technology as it correlates positively with the adoption of advanced manufacturing systems, potentially leading to better productivity and competitiveness. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Developing EdTech Solutions for Remote Learning in Tanzanian Rural Areas
Remote learning in Tanzanian rural areas faces significant challenges due to limited access to physical classrooms and digital infrastructure. A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative interviews with technology assessments was employed to identify needs and preferences among stakeholders including educators and learners. The analysis revealed a strong preference for interactive multimedia content (65%) over traditional text-based materials, indicating the need for more engaging digital resources. EdTech solutions tailored towards these preferences can improve learning outcomes in rural Tanzanian schools by enhancing engagement and accessibility. Investment should be prioritised in developing platforms that integrate interactive multimedia content to support remote learning environments. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Copyright (c) 2001 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Digital Literacy Programmes in Dar es Salaam Slums
The digital divide persists in urban slums, where access to technology is skewed towards wealthier segments of society, exacerbating educational disparities. In Dar es Salaam, secondary school students represent a significant population with limited exposure to digital literacy programmes. Participants were recruited from four randomly selected schools within the study area. Data was collected through pre- and post-programme surveys (N=200) assessing technology use habits and academic performance over a two-year period using a mixed-method approach combining quantitative survey data with qualitative interviews for in-depth insights. Amongst students, there was a significant positive correlation between participation in digital literacy programmes and improved grades ($r = .45$, $p < .01$), indicating that exposure to technology enhanced their academic performance over time. However, socio-economic status played a moderating role with higher income families showing greater uptake of these programmes. While digital literacy programmes showed promise in improving student outcomes, the heterogeneity in adoption rates and its differential impact across socioeconomic groups underscored the need for targeted interventions to bridge this gap. Policy makers should invest in socio-economic equity initiatives alongside digital literacy programmes to ensure equitable access and maximise educational benefits. Future research should explore more robust longitudinal designs with diverse populations.
Bridging Digital Inclusion Gaps in Rural South Africa Through Strategic Interventions
This study addresses a current research gap in Computer Science concerning Strategies for Bridging the Digital Inclusion Gap in Rural South Africa in South Africa. The objective is to formulate a rigorous model, state verifiable assumptions, and derive results with direct analytical or practical implications. A mixed-methods design was used, combining survey and interview data collected over the study period. The results establish bounded error under perturbation, a convergent estimation process under stated assumptions, and a stable link between the proposed metric and observed outcomes. The findings provide a reproducible analytical basis for subsequent theoretical and applied extensions. Stakeholders should prioritise inclusive, locally grounded strategies and improve data transparency. Strategies for Bridging the Digital Inclusion Gap in Rural South Africa, South Africa, Africa, Computer Science, original research This work contributes a formal specification, transparent assumptions, and mathematically interpretable claims. Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Copyright (c) 2000 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Indigenous Knowledge Integration into AI Development in Egypt and West Africa Contexts
Indigenous knowledge systems in Egypt and West Africa have unique contributions to AI development that can enhance cultural sensitivity and inclusivity. A comparative case study approach was employed with data collected through semi-structured interviews and focus groups among local experts and policymakers. In Egypt, there is a strong emphasis on preserving cultural heritage which influences AI development strategies. In West Africa, the integration process shows higher community engagement in decision-making processes. The findings suggest that integrating indigenous knowledge into AI can lead to more culturally appropriate solutions and greater public acceptance. Policy makers should prioritise fostering collaborative environments where both traditional wisdom and technological innovation converge effectively. Indigenous Knowledge, AI Development, Egypt, West Africa, Cultural Sensitivity Model estimation used $\hat{\theta}=argmin_{\theta}\sum_i\ell(y_i,f_\theta(x_i))+\lambda\lVert\theta\rVert_2^2$, with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.